Contributions to Characterization and Classification of Animal Viruses

Hamparian, Vincent V.; Hilleman, Maurice R.; Ketler, Albert

doi:10.3181/00379727-112-28247

Cited by 126 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The addition of several reagents (e.g., 0.5% bovine serum albumin, skim milk, 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, or 2% chicken serum) to HPIV prior to freezing has been shown to prolong survival (47,165,401). In addition, optimal stability of HPIV occurs at physiologic pH (7.4 to 8.0), while infectivity is rapidly lost at pH 3.0 to 3.4 (131,132), under low humidity (244), and with virus desiccation (6,29). HPIV and all myxoviruses are inactivated by ether (5).…”

Section: Interactions With the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Viruses

2003

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Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were first discovered in the late 1950s. Over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. This has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. HPIV is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. Further major subtypes of HPIV-4 (A and B) and subgroups/genotypes of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 have been described. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Each subtype can cause somewhat unique clinical diseases in different hosts. HPIV are enveloped and of medium size (150 to 250 nm), and their RNA genome is in the negative sense. These viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, one of the largest and most rapidly growing groups of viruses causing significant human and veterinary disease. HPIV are closely related to recently discovered megamyxoviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) and metapneumovirus

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Section: Interactions With the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Viruses

2003

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“…Viral titrations were determined by the tissueculture infectious dose (TCID 50 ) method, and calculated according to Reed & Müench (1938), using EPC cells for the halibut isolates and CHSE-214 for IHNV and TRV. Losses of infectivity greater than 1 log were considered evidence of susceptibility to the treatment and consequently of presence of an enveloped virus (Hamparian et al 1963, Meyers 1979.Electron microscopy. Viral isolates were inoculated at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01 to 0.1 in 75 cm 2 flasks containing monolayers of EPC cells and incubated at 15°C.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides caught at the Flemish Cap

Dopazo¹,

Bandı́n²,

López-Vázquez³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from apparently healthy Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides caught in the Flemish Cap, a deep fishing ground in the North Atlantic Ocean in international waters near Newfoundland. The identity of the virus was confirmed by electron microscopy, immunodot, seroneutralization and reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction. In the serology assays, all isolates reacted in the immunodot assay with a polyclonal antiserum against the European VHSV Type Strain F1, and were neutralized by the same antiserum, although most of the strains showed low or moderate neutralization titers. None of the isolates were detected by immunofluorescence using a specific monoclonal antibody against a nucleocapsid-related protein of VHSV F1. This is the first report of VHSV isolated from wild Greenland halibut, which represents a new host species for the virus, and it is also the first evidence of VHSV in a location close to the Atlantic coast of North America. This isolation indicates that VHSV is more widely distributed than has been thought, and appears to support a marine origin of this virus. KEY WORDS: Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus · VHSV · Greenland halibut · Wild fish Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 50: [171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179] 2002 time , and that in mainland Europe it may have originated from a marine source (Batts et al. 1993, Meyers & Winton 1995, Dixon 1999.In the present paper we report the first isolations of VHSV from Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides caught during a research campaign ('Flemish Cap'94') to evaluate fish stocks in a Newfoundland fishery in the North Atlantic Ocean, and discuss the possible origin of this virus. MATERIALS AND METHODSCell lines. Monolayers of chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), epithelioma papillosum cyprini (EPC) and rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2) cells were used for the primary detection of the virus. Other fish cell lines used to test the host range of the virus were brown bullhead (BB) and TV-1 (from turbot fin). All cell lines were grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM, Gibco) supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum (FCS, Gibco), 100 I.U. ml -1 penicillin and 100 µg ml -1 streptomycin. The CHSE-214 cells were grown at 15°C, RTG-2 and TV-1 at 20°C and EPC and BB at 25°C. Confluent monolayers of all cell lines were maintained at 15°C, and the medium substituted by EMEM with 0 or 2% FCS.Virus isolation. Various species of fishes were caught in a research campaign ('Flemish Cap'94') during July 1994, led by the Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (Vigo, Spain) as a part of an EU project to evaluate fish stocks in that fishery. Flemish Cap is a Newfoundland fishing ground located in international waters in the North Atlantic Ocean (Fig. 1A) where fishes are captured under NAFO (North Atlantic Fisheries Organization) surveillance.A total of 80 asymptomatic fishes (38 Atlantic cod, 30 Greenland halibut, 7 witch ...

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“…(iv) pH Lability.-A criterion of viral relationship used by Kelter, Hamparian, and Hilleman (1962) and by Hamparian, Hilleman, and Kelter (1963) is the stability of virus to pH 3·0 for 3 hr at room temperature. An aliquot of the standard SlY preparation was taken to pH 3·0 with O'IM HCI and another to pH 10·5 with O·IM NaOH.…”

Section: (F) Biological Properties Of Sivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of An Iridescent Virus From the Beetle, Serioesthis Pruinosa

Day¹,

Mercer²

1964

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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The recently described iridescent virus from Serice8this (SIV) is closely related to Tipula iridescent virus (TIV). TIV and SIV are morphologically similar and have similar sedimentation coefficients (820, w = 2200 S). SIV differs from TIV serologically and in DNA content. Large yields of purified SIV, of the order of 2 mg virus protein per pupa, maybe obtained from the wax moth, Galleria melloneUa.

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Contributions to Characterization and Classification of Animal Viruses

Cited by 126 publications

References 0 publications

Parainfluenza Viruses

Parainfluenza Viruses

Isolation of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus from Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides caught at the Flemish Cap

Properties of An Iridescent Virus From the Beetle, Serioesthis Pruinosa

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