Contributions of the Soleus and Gastrocnemius muscles to the anterior cruciate ligament loading during single-leg landing

Mokhtarzadeh, Hossein; Yeow, Chen-Hua; Goh, James Cho Hong; Oetomo, Denny; Malekipour, Fatemeh; Lee, Peter Vee Sin

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.04.010

Cited by 107 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Finally, for both ACL and PCL, several muscles have a significant agonist action. As pointed out by Mokhtarzadeh et al [21], these muscles may be of interest in a rehabilitation program for cruciate ligament injury prevention.…”

Section: Contributions Of Musculo-tendon Forces To Ligament Forcesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Our results point to a complex organisation with many competing structures. As described in the literature [21,41], the quadriceps acts as antagonist to the ACL and thus helps increase its force (i.e. traction of the ligament) during the stance phase.…”

Section: Contributions Of Musculo-tendon Forces To Ligament Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…soleus and gastrocnemii) contribute to ligament forces (i.e. anterior cruciate ligament) during single-leg standing [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual muscle contributions to ground reaction and to joint contact, ligament and bone forces during normal gait

2017

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Recent developments in musculoskeletal modelling have enabled numerous studies to explore how individual muscles contribute to progression, support and mechanical loading during gait. However, the literature still lacks data on the contributions of musculo-tendon forces to several structures, making it difficult to determine the primary contributors. The aim of the present study was thus to provide a comprehensive investigation of individual muscle contributions to ground reaction (i.e. 3D ground reaction force and moment), and to joint contact, ligament and bone (i.e. compression-traction of bony segments) forces during normal gait. We used a 3D lower limb musculoskeletal model coupled with a static optimisation method using a pseudo-inverse, which indeed yielded data on individual muscle contributions currently missing from the literature. We report the individual muscle contributions to 1) 3D ground reaction force and moment, 2) hip, tibiofemoral, patellofemoral, and ankle joint contact forces, 3) tibiofemoral and ankle ligament forces and 4) femur, patella and tibia bone forces. In line with the recent literature, the primary contributors are the vastii, gluteus medius, soleus, rectus femoris, gemellus, quadratus femoris, gluteus maximus and adductors. While the current observations are made on a generic model, the present method offers a comprehension tool that can shed light on the underlying mechanisms governing the musculoskeletal system.

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Section: Contributions Of Musculo-tendon Forces To Ligament Forcesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Contributions Of Musculo-tendon Forces To Ligament Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual muscle contributions to ground reaction and to joint contact, ligament and bone forces during normal gait

2017

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“…Here, the open-source musculoskeletal modelling software OpenSim 42 was used in three studies to derive the muscle-tendon forces during landing based on in vivo kinematic, kinetic and EMG data, whereby one study adopted an algorithm based on static optimisation 39 while two studies deployed an advanced algorithm called computed muscle control 11,38 . In comparison to the standardised position of the knee joint and constant pre-tension of muscles (H:Q ratio) for in vitro studies, the reported muscle-tendon forces and knee joint kinematics from in situ computational modelling varied significantly between studies (Tab.…”

Section: @ C I C E D I Z I O N I I N T E R N a Z I O N A L Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IV), with the H:Q ratio prior to impact ranging from 0.33 to 1.33, the initial knee flexion angle from 9° to 34° and the peak VIF from 1.8 to 4.1 times Body Weight (BW). Furthermore, computational simulations were often driven by in vivo data from optical motion capture, ground reaction force measurements and EMG 11,37,39,40 . Here, differences between subjects, testing procedures and data processing likely contributed to the larger range of input parameters compared to cadaveric testing.…”

Section: @ C I C E D I Z I O N I I N T E R N a Z I O N A L Imentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of muscle-tendon forces on ACL loading during jump landing: a systematic review

Oberhofer

Nasab

Schütz

et al. 2017

MLTJ

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SummaryBackground: The goal of this review is to summarise and discuss the reported influence of muscle-tendon forces on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during the jump-landing task by means of biomechanical analyses of the healthy knee. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using different combinations of the terms "knee", ''ligament'', ''load'', "tension ", "length", ''strain'', "elongation'' and ''lengthening''. 26 original articles (n=16 in vitro studies; n=10 in situ studies) were identified which complied with all inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: No apparent trend was found between ACL loading and the ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps muscle-tendon forces prior to or during landing. Four in vitro studies reported reduced peak ACL strain if the quadriceps force was increased; while one in vitro study and one in situ study reported reduced ACL loading if the hamstrings force was increased. A meta-analysis of the reported results was not possible because of the heterogeneity of the confounding factors. Conclusion:The reported results suggest that increased hip flexion during landing may help in reducing ACL strain by lengthening the hamstrings, and thus increasing its passive resistance to

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Effect of sagittal plane mechanics on ACL strain during jump landing

Bakker

Tomescu

Brenneman

et al. 2016

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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ABSTRACT:The relationships between non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries and the underlying biomechanics are still unclear, despite large quantities of academic research. The purpose of this research was to study anterior cruciate ligament strain during jump landing by investigating its correlation with sagittal plane kinetic/kinematic parameters and by creating an empirical model to estimate the maximum strain. Whole-body kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured from seven subjects performing single leg jump landing and were used to drive a musculoskeletal model that estimated lower limb muscle forces. These muscle forces and kinematics were then applied on five instrumented cadaver knees using a dynamic knee simulator system. Correlation analysis revealed that higher ground reaction force, lower hip flexion angle and higher hip extension moment among others were correlated with higher peak strain (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that intrinsic anatomic factors account for most of the variance in strain. Among the extrinsic variables, hip and trunk flexion angles significantly contributed to the strain. The empirical relationship developed in this study could be used to predict the relative strain between jumps of a participant and may be beneficial in developing training programs designed to reduce an athlete's risk of injury. Keywords: ACL; muscle force; musculoskeletal modeling; risk factor; knee injuryDespite the large quantity of research available on non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, the contributing factors and their relative contribution to the injury is still under debate. 1 This is in part due to the difficulty of measuring ACL strain in vivo 2 and inability to relate the ACL strain to the possible contributing factors. Unless the relationships between body kinematics, muscle forces and ACL strain is understood, the mechanism of ACL injury will remain unclear. Understanding the mechanics behind these injuries is crucial for injury prevention. Injuries may be prevented if screening and training programs are created for athletes who display at-risk mechanics. [3][4][5] Sagittal plane factors have been identified as important contributors to ACL injury mechanisms. [6][7][8] In addition to these extrinsic biomechanical factors, ACL strain is also dependent on a number of intrinsic anatomic factors such as tibial slope, 9,10 femoral notch width, 11 and ACL size. 12 Although these factors are known correlates with ACL strain, the relative contribution of extrinsic biomechanical and intrinsic anatomical factors is unknown.Pioneering efforts have been made to understand the relationship between knee kinematics, kinetics and ACL strain by surgically placing strain gauges on ligaments in live participants. 13 However, for ethical reasons, such approaches have not been extended to activities that are dynamic in nature. Numerical modelling approaches have been used to address this gap [14][15][16] ; however, model validation is complicated by the lack...

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Contributions of the Soleus and Gastrocnemius muscles to the anterior cruciate ligament loading during single-leg landing

Cited by 107 publications

References 48 publications

Individual muscle contributions to ground reaction and to joint contact, ligament and bone forces during normal gait

Individual muscle contributions to ground reaction and to joint contact, ligament and bone forces during normal gait

The influence of muscle-tendon forces on ACL loading during jump landing: a systematic review

Effect of sagittal plane mechanics on ACL strain during jump landing

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