Contributions of the life expectancy gap reduction between urban and rural areas to the increase in overall life expectancy in South Korea from 2000 to 2019

Kim, Ikhan

doi:10.1186/s12939-023-01960-0

Cited by 3 publications

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References 27 publications

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“…The persistent increase in LE in Korea could result from a decline in regional inequalities in LE. The rise in LE between 2000 and 2009 and 2010–2019 would have been 0.5 and 0.4 years less if the mortality rate by age group in Korea’s rural and urban areas had declined at the same rate as in metropolitan areas, according to a previous study [ 43 ]. LE in Norway continued to increase between 2000 and 2019, coinciding with a decrease in the LE gap between counties [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and cause-specific contributions to increase in life expectancy at birth in Korea, 2000–2019: a descriptive study

Kim,

Bae

2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Korea’s life expectancy at birth has consistently increased in the 21st century. This study compared the age and cause-specific contribution to the increase in life expectancy at birth in Korea before and after 2010. Methods The population and death numbers by year, sex, 5-year age group, and cause of death from 2000 to 2019 were acquired. Life expectancy at birth was calculated using an abridged life table by sex and year. The annual age-standardized and age-specific mortality by cause of death was also estimated. Lastly, the age and cause-specific contribution to the increase in life expectancy at birth in the two periods were compared using a stepwise replacement algorithm. Results Life expectancy at birth in Korea increased consistently from 2010 to 2019, though slightly slower than from 2000 to 2009. The cause-specific mortality and life expectancy decomposition analysis showed a significant decrease in mortality in chronic diseases, such as neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system, in the middle and old-aged groups. External causes, such as transport injuries and suicide, mortality in younger age groups also increased life expectancy. However, mortality from diseases of the respiratory system increased in the very old age group during 2010–2019. Conclusions Life expectancy at birth in Korea continued to increase mainly due to decreased mortality from chronic diseases and external causes during the study period. However, the aging of the population structure increased vulnerability to respiratory diseases. The factors behind the higher death rate from respiratory disease should be studied in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and cause-specific contributions to increase in life expectancy at birth in Korea, 2000–2019: a descriptive study

Kim,

Bae

2024

BMC Public Health

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Country Differences in Older Men’s Hearing Difficulty Disadvantage

Burns,

West

2024

J Aging Health

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Objectives: Hearing difficulty is prevalent in older adulthood and projected to increase via global aging, particularly among men. Currently, there is limited research on how this gender disparity might vary by country. Methods: Using 2018 data ( n = 29,480) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) international family of studies, we investigate gender disparities in hearing difficulty among respondents ages 55–89 from the United States ( n = 12,566), Mexico ( n = 10,762), and Korea ( n = 6152) with country-specific ordinal logistic regression models that progressively adjust for demographic, social, and health indicators. Results: In the United States, men’s hearing difficulty disadvantage was consistently observed. In Mexico, men’s hearing difficulty disadvantage was explained by the interactive effect of gender and age group but resurfaced after adjusting for comorbidities. In Korea, there was consistently no gender difference in hearing difficulty. Discussion: Our results highlight the heterogeneity in older men’s hearing difficulty disadvantage among a diverse group of aging countries.

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Risk of all-cause mortality is associated with multiple health-related lifestyle behaviors and does not differ between urban and rural areas in Korea

Kim,

Park

2024

Nutr Res Pract

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Urban−rural inequities in health and mortality exist in Korea, a highly centralized developed country. The potential impact of multiple health-related lifestyle behaviors on mortality and difference between urban and rural areas is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-risk health behaviors on all-cause mortality among residents living in urban and rural in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on 8,298 adults aged 40 yrs and older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2015. High-risk behaviors were defined as having poor diet quality, current smoking, high-risk drinking, or insufficient physical activity. Mortality status was linked to the Cause of Death data followed up to December 31, 2019. The associations between all-cause mortality and high-risk behaviors were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and survey year. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated, and effect modification analysis was conducted. Participants were stratified by residential area (urban or rural). RESULTS During the follow-up (median: 5.4 yrs), 313 deaths occurred. A higher proportion of rural residents than urban residents engaged in multiple high-risk behaviors (28.9% vs. 22.6%; P < 0.0001). As individual factors, a greater risk of mortality was associated with poor diet quality, current smoking, and inadequate physical activity, and these tendencies persisted in rural residents, especially for diet quality. Multiple high-risk behaviors were positively associated with a higher risk of mortality in Koreans living in urban and rural areas. PAF (95% confidence interval) was 18.5% (7.35–27.9%) and 29.8% (16.1–40.2%) in urban and rural residents, respectively. No additive or multiplicative effect of the region was observed. CONCLUSION The higher prevalence of multiple high-risk lifestyle behaviors in rural residents may explain the higher mortality in rural areas compared to urban areas. Comprehensive public health policies to improve health-related behaviors in rural populations may be needed.

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Contributions of the life expectancy gap reduction between urban and rural areas to the increase in overall life expectancy in South Korea from 2000 to 2019

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Age- and cause-specific contributions to increase in life expectancy at birth in Korea, 2000–2019: a descriptive study

Age- and cause-specific contributions to increase in life expectancy at birth in Korea, 2000–2019: a descriptive study

Country Differences in Older Men’s Hearing Difficulty Disadvantage

Risk of all-cause mortality is associated with multiple health-related lifestyle behaviors and does not differ between urban and rural areas in Korea

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