Contributions of subtype and spectral frequency analyses to the study of P50 ERP amplitude and suppression in schizophrenia

Johannesen, Jason; Kieffaber, Paul D.; O’Donnell, Brian F.; Shekhar, Anantha; Evans, Jovier D.; Hetrick, William P.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.05.022

Cited by 83 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Our results, however, are not an isolated instance, as there are other published reports in which no such differences were detected between schizophrenia patients and controls (Andrews et al, 1993;Koyama et al, 1994;Olichney et al, 1997). As with neurophysiological abnormalities in schizophrenia in general (Johannesen et al, 2005), there is considerable overlap in N400 effects between patients with the disorder and healthy individuals (Grillon et al, 1991), and variation in sample characteristics may thus have contributed to these inconsistent results across studies. For example, in our study, patients' average age was older than in any of the studies cited above except that of Olichney et al (1997), which also did not find N400 effect differences between patients and controls.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Electrophysiological insights into conceptual disorganization in schizophrenia

Kiang

Kutas

Light

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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Disorganized speech, or thought disorder, in schizophrenia may reflect abnormal processing of meaningful concepts. To examine whether schizophrenia involves abnormalities in how a meaningful context influences processing of concepts strongly, weakly, or not related to it, we used the N400, an event-related brain potential (ERP) index of semantic relatedness. ERPs were recorded from schizophrenia patients (n=18) and normal controls (n=18) while they viewed category definitions (e.g., a type of fruit), each followed by a target word that was either a hightypicality category exemplar (apple), low-typicality exemplar (cherry), or non-exemplar (clamp). Participants' task was to indicate via button-press whether or not the target belonged to the category. In both patients and controls, N400 amplitude was largest (most negative) for nonexemplars, intermediate for low-typicality exemplars, and smallest (least negative) for hightypicality exemplars. Compared to controls, patients showed a trend toward reduced N400 amplitude differences between non-exemplars and low-typicality exemplars. Most importantly, within patients, reduced N400 amplitude differences between high-and low-typicality exemplars were correlated with psychotic symptoms. In schizophrenia patients, an N400 index of semantic processing was associated with psychotic symptoms. Psychosis may be associated with greater similarity in how concepts strongly and weakly meaningfully related to their context are processed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Electrophysiological insights into conceptual disorganization in schizophrenia

Kiang

Kutas

Light

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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“…This can be compared to a range of about 23-27% for the current study, depending on the modality of stimulation. By contrast, response magnitude within a "low frequency" band (1-20 Hz) has previously been shown to exhibit stronger reductions (∼60%) as ISI decreases (Clementz and Blumenfeld, 2001;Johannesen et al, 2005), consistent with a greater sensitivity to ISI than the gamma band response. Although the low frequency band examined in those studies included beta activity (12-20 Hz), it did not separate this band from lower frequency contributions (<12 Hz).…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studies Of Sensory Gatingmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…According to the theory discussed here, gamma and beta activity correspond to obligatory stimulus processing and the neural assignment of stimulus-driven salience, respectively. In schizophrenia patients, therefore, demonstration of relatively intact sensory gating in the gamma band, but impaired sensory gating in lower frequency bands (Clementz and Blumenfeld, 2001;Johannesen et al, 2005) suggests that this population might exhibit a deficit in the neural computation of stimulus-driven salience, as opposed to dysfunction in more elementary stimulus processing at the cortical level. However, this hypothesis has not been specifically tested for stimulusevoked oscillations within the restricted latency window typical of the P1 waveform peak.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studies Of Sensory Gatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most commonly investigated in auditory sensory gating studies are broadband event-related potential (ERP) components P1 (" P50") and N1 (" N100"), both of which are typically larger in response to stimuli of higher salience (i.e., longer ISI) and both of which exhibit maximal deflection before about 125 ms post-stimulus. Here, by contrast, the analysis of neural activity was focused on event-related oscillatory activity in the gamma and beta bands (see also Clementz and Blumenfeld, 2001;Crawford et al, 2002;Hong et al, 2004;Johannesen et al, 2005;Muller et al, 2001). Although sensory gating has previously been studied in both auditory and somatosensory domains (Arnfred et al, 2001b), the present investigation included a "crossmodal" condition where auditory and somatosensory stimuli were presented during a single recording session, and were separated by a short ISI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gamma and beta neural activity evoked during a sensory gating paradigm: Effects of auditory, somatosensory and cross-modal stimulation

Kisley

Cornwell

2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

111

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Objective.-Stimulus-driven salience is determined involuntarily, and by the physical properties of a stimulus. It has recently been theorized that neural coding of this variable involves oscillatory activity within cortical neuron populations at beta frequencies. This was tested here through experimental manipulation of inter-stimulus interval (ISI).Methods.-Non-invasive neurophysiological measures of event-related gamma (30-50 Hz) and beta (12-20 Hz) activity were estimated from scalp-recorded evoked potentials. Stimuli were presented in a standard "paired-stimulus" sensory gating paradigm, where the S1 (conditioning) stimulus was conceptualized as long-ISI, or "high salience," and the S2 (test) stimulus as short-ISI, or "low salience." Three separate studies were conducted: auditory stimuli only (N=20 participants), somatosensory stimuli only (N=20), and a cross-modal study for which auditory and somatosensory stimuli were mixed (N=40).Results.-Early (20-150 ms) stimulus-evoked beta activity was more sensitive to ISI than temporally-overlapping gamma band activity, and this effect was seen in both auditory and somatosensory studies. In the cross-modal study, beta activity was significantly modulated by the similarity (or dissimilarity) of stimuli separated by a short ISI (0.5 s); a significant cross-modal gating effect was nevertheless detected.Conclusions.-With regard to the early sensory-evoked response recorded from the scalp, the interval between identical stimuli especially modulates beta oscillatory activity.Significance.-This is consistent with developing theories regarding the different roles of temporally-overlapping oscillatory activity within cortical neuron populations at gamma and beta frequencies, particularly the claim that the latter is related to stimulus-driven salience.

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“…28 Further supporting this idea, there is a wide range of P50 gating values reported in the literature for both schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects, 29 and many studies failed to find a significantly reduced P50 ratio in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls. [30][31][32][33][34][35] Problems with test-retest reliability have been noted frequently, especially with ratio values that introduce a disadvantageous signal-to-noise ratio to both the numerator and the denominator. [36][37][38] Second, the single-subject classification accuracy of the conventional parietal P3 amplitude that is used in a wide range of studies was comparably low although ANOVA revealed a highly reliable significant difference between schizophrenia patients and control subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Evaluation of Auditory Event-Related Potential Deficits in Schizophrenia: Evidence From Large-Scale Single-Subject Pattern Classification

Neuhaus

Popescu

Rentzsch

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Event-related potential (ERP) deficits associated with auditory oddball and click-conditioning paradigms are among the most consistent findings in schizophrenia and are discussed as potential biomarkers. However, it is unclear to what extend these ERP deficits distinguish between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls on a single-subject level, which is of high importance for potential translation to clinical routine. Here, we investigated 144 schizophrenia patients and 144 matched controls with an auditory click-conditioning/oddball paradigm. P50 and N1 gating ratios as well as target-locked N1 and P3 components were submitted to conventional general linear models and to explorative machine learning algorithms. Repeatedmeasures ANOVAs revealed significant between-group differences for the oddball-locked N1 and P3 components but not for any gating measure. Machine learning-assisted analysis achieved 77.7% balanced classification accuracy using a combination of target-locked N1 and P3 amplitudes as classifiers. The superiority of machine learning over repeated-measures analysis for classifying schizophrenia patients was in the range of about 10% as quantified by receiver operating characteristics. For the first time, our study provides large-scale single-subject classification data on auditory click-conditioning and oddball paradigms in schizophrenia. Although our study exemplifies how automated inference may substantially improve classification accuracy, our data also show that the investigated ERP measures show comparably poor discriminatory properties in single subjects, thus illustrating the need to establish either new analytical approaches for these paradigms or other paradigms to investigate the disorder.

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Contributions of subtype and spectral frequency analyses to the study of P50 ERP amplitude and suppression in schizophrenia

Cited by 83 publications

References 61 publications

Electrophysiological insights into conceptual disorganization in schizophrenia

Electrophysiological insights into conceptual disorganization in schizophrenia

Gamma and beta neural activity evoked during a sensory gating paradigm: Effects of auditory, somatosensory and cross-modal stimulation

Critical Evaluation of Auditory Event-Related Potential Deficits in Schizophrenia: Evidence From Large-Scale Single-Subject Pattern Classification

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