Contributions of social influences and expectations of use to cannabis use in high-school students

Chabrol, Henri; Chauchard, Emeline; Mabila, J.D.; Mantoulan, Régine; Adèle, Aurélie; Rousseau, Amélie

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.01.005

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Similarly, users reported having more friends and peers who used marijuana, and expressed greater approval of its use, than vulnerable nonusers, who were significantly more likely than their resolutely abstinent peers to do so. These results extend and refine research that reported differences in normative estimates between users and nonusers but did not differentiate resolute from vulnerable abstainers (Chabrol et al 2006;Ramirez et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The At-risk Adolescent Marijuana Nonuser: Expanding the Standard Distinction

et al. 2008

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This research expands the user/nonuser dichotomy commonly used in research on marijuana. By conceptualizing nonusers as homogeneous, vital nuances in susceptibility to risk and protective factors may be overlooked. Research operations tested the predictive validity of a brief measure that divided nonusers into resolute and vulnerable subcategories; determined whether variables that distinguished nonusers and users were more informative when a tripartite classification was used; and with an eye on future prevention, examined variables on which resolute nonusers were similar to vulnerable nonusers or users, and on which they differed from both. A nationally representative sample of respondents (N=2,111; ages 12−16 years) from the National Survey of Parents and Youth was used in this secondary analysis. Panel data gathered yearly over four rounds included information on intentions and use of marijuana and other illicit substances, along with social, demographic, intrapersonal, and parental variables. The three groups differed significantly on associates' marijuana use, participants' approval of others' use, and cigarette and alcohol use. Resolute nonusers differed from vulnerable nonusers and users alike on religiosity, delinquency (self and friends'), refusal strength, sensation seeking, parental monitoring and warmth, and adult supervision. Results support the utility of distinguishing vulnerable from resolute nonusers, counsel against considering nonusers as a homogeneous group, and provide insight into variables that might prove useful in future prevention efforts. KeywordsMarijuana usage; Risk taking; Adolescent attitudes; Drug initiation; Drug abuse; Risk factors; Secondary analysis; Vulnerability Despite massive public expenditures to curtail its adoption, marijuana remains the illicit drug most widely used by adolescents in the United States (Johnston et al. 2006). Consequences of marijuana use include increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (Boyer et al. 1999), problems at school (Lynskey and Hall 2000), motor vehicle accidents (Smiley 1999), and lung and bronchial cancers (Sidney et al. 1997). The most common substance reported in adolescents' emergency department admissions (Office of Applied Studies 2000), marijuana can impair adolescent development (Hall and Solowij 1998); heavy usage can attenuate learning and mental flexibility (Lundqvist 2005), and may precipitate psychosis and schizophrenia in vulnerable youth (Ferdinand et al. 2005;Hall 1998;Smit et al. 2004). These stark findings clearly counsel prevention. To maximize scarce resources, youth most vulnerable to marijuana initiation must be identified (Crano and Burgoon 2002;Kosterman et al. 2000). Early marijuana risk research traditionally focused on differences between users and nonusers. Later studies explored differences among users (Jessor and Jessor 1977;Kandel et al. 1992), a reasonable tactic if the research is concerned with treatment variations; but if prevention is central, then factors that identify differences among n...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The At-risk Adolescent Marijuana Nonuser: Expanding the Standard Distinction

et al. 2008

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“…28 The finding of a significant association between cannabis use and number of the five closest friends who use cannabis is consistent with the findings of Simons-Morton 19 regarding alcohol use. It is also in keeping with the results of a study by Chabrol et al 29 that the number of peers using cannabis was significantly associated with cannabis use among French secondary school learners. There may be a number of explanations for this finding in the Atteridgeville study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng

2012

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Introduction. Adolescent substance use has a number of adverse consequences for both the individual and society. Anecdotal evidence suggested the existence of a serious substance use problem among learners in Atteridgeville, part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa. Objectives. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence rates and age of initiation of substance use among learners attending secondary schools in Atteridgeville, and the factors, if any, associated with cannabis use.Methods. This was a cross-sectional study. A cluster sampling technique was employed. Twenty-two of the total of 191 grade 8 - 11 classes in the nine Atteridgeville secondary schools were randomly selected, with all 895 learners in the selected classes being invited to participate. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was conducted using the survey estimation commands in STATA 10.0. Results. The lifetime prevalence rates for the three most commonly used substances were 51.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 41.5 - 61.5%) for alcohol, 25.2% (95% CI 17.1 - 33.3%) for cigarettes and 13.2% (95% CI 8.3 - 18.2%) for cannabis. Alcohol was also found to have the lowest mean age of initiation at 14.6 years (standard deviation 2.0). Based on CRAFFT screening scores, 30.3% (95% CI 24.5 - 36.1%) of learners met the criteria for possible problem substance use. Following multivariate analysis, the factors found to be significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use were age, gender, lifetime cigarette use, lifetime alcohol use, the number of illicit drug users among the learners’ five closest friends, and an older sibling with a history of illicit drug use.Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that substance use among learners in Atteridgeville is widespread and that a comprehensive intervention strategy is required.

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“…For instance, having less permissive parents and having close friends that oppose to drug use might be protective towards using ecstasy. Peer-opposition to marijuana use, but not parental opposition to drug use, has already been shown to be a protective factor in relation to adolescent marijuana use (Beal et al, 2001;Chabrol et al, 2006). Other environmental factors such as family cohesiveness, neighborhood characteristics and harder access to illegal drugs may also be associated with beliefs and attitudes towards drug use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do adolescent ecstasy users have different attitudes towards drugs when compared to marijuana users?

Martins

Storr

Alexandre

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Perceived risk and attitudes about the consequences of drug use, perceptions of others expectations and self-efficacy influence the intent to try drugs and continue drug use once use has started. We examine associations between adolescents' attitudes and beliefs towards ecstasy use; because most ecstasy users have a history of marijuana use, we estimate the association for three groups of adolescents: non-marijuana/ecstasy users, marijuana users (used marijuana at least once but never used ecstasy) and ecstasy users (used ecstasy at least once).Methods-Data from 5,049 adolescents aged 12-18 years old who had complete weighted data information in Round 2 of the Restricted Use Files (RUF) of the National Survey of Parents and Youth (NSPY). Data were analyzed using jackknife weighted multinomial logistic regression models.Results-Adolescent marijuana and ecstasy users were more likely to approve of marijuana and ecstasy use as compared to non-drug using youth. Adolescent marijuana and ecstasy users were more likely to have close friends who approved of ecstasy as compared to non-drug using youth. The magnitudes of these two associations were stronger for ecstasy use than for marijuana use in the final adjusted model. Our final adjusted model shows that approval of marijuana and ecstasy use was more strongly associated with marijuana and ecstasy use in adolescence than perceived risk in using both drugs.Conclusion-Information about the risks and consequences of ecstasy use need to be presented to adolescents in order to attempt to reduce adolescents' approval of ecstasy use as well as ecstasy experimentation.

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Contributions of social influences and expectations of use to cannabis use in high-school students

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

The At-risk Adolescent Marijuana Nonuser: Expanding the Standard Distinction

The At-risk Adolescent Marijuana Nonuser: Expanding the Standard Distinction

Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng

Do adolescent ecstasy users have different attitudes towards drugs when compared to marijuana users?

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