Contributions of Raman spectroscopy to the understanding of bone strength

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy is increasingly commonly used to understand how changes in bone composition and structure influence tissue-level bone mechanical properties. The spectroscopic technique provides information on bone mineral and matrix collagen components and on the effects of various matrix proteins on bone material properties as well. The Raman spectrum of bone not only contains information on bone mineral crystallinity that is related to bone hardness but also provides information on the orientation of mineral crystallites with respect to the collagen fibril axis. Indirect information on collagen cross-links is also available and will be discussed. After a short introduction to bone Raman spectroscopic parameters and collection methodologies, advances in in vivo Raman spectroscopic measurements for animal and human subject studies will be reviewed. A discussion on the effects of aging, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis and therapeutic agents on bone composition and mechanical properties will be highlighted, including genetic mouse models in which structure-function and exercise effects are explored. Similarly, extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and transcriptional proteins implicated in the regulation of bone material properties will be reviewed.

Raman spectroscopy of bone composition during healing of subcritical calvarial defects

“…The peaks occurring at 431 cm −1 (ʋ2 phosphate), 588 cm −1 (ʋ4 phosphate), 958 cm −1 (ʋ1 phosphate) and 1071 cm −1 (ʋ1 carbonate) are from bone mineral, which are responsible for vibrations of carbonated calcium phosphate in an apatitic lattice. The peaks at 1245 cm −1 (amide III), 1448 cm −1 (CH 2 bending / deformation) and 1661 cm −1 (amide I) are from the collagen matrix, which are responsible for the protein vibrations [24]. The v1 phosphate band is the strongest marker of the bone mineral and the peaks of amide I and amide III are mainly due to the collagens.…”

“…Three key parameters used to quantify the bone composition in this study are mineral to matrix ratio, carbonate to phosphate ratio and crystallinity [24]. Mineral to matrix ratio can be obtained by calculating the ratio of integrated areas of any of the phosphate and amide peaks or CH 2 bending peak or proline peak [25].…”

Raman spectroscopy for label-free identification of calciphylaxis

“…Raman spectroscopy has been previously employed in many investigations of calcified tissues, especially bone. 18,19 These include characterizations of ex vivo bone biopsies, 20 in vivo ectopic bone formation, 21 and human subject tibial plateaus.…”

Implicações Ósseas na Sepse Sistêmica Aguda: Uma análise química e estrutural

“…Data were processed using SpectraSuite and ASP-QE softwares. The ~959 cm -1 vibrational mode is attributed to Phosphate [22]. The 1070 cm -1 vibrational mode is attributed to carbonate [22].…”

“…The ~959 cm -1 vibrational mode is attributed to Phosphate [22]. The 1070 cm -1 vibrational mode is attributed to carbonate [22]. The 1242 and 1272 cm -1 vibrational modes indicates amide III stretch observed in several proteins [22].…”