2016
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0665-2
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Contributions of p38 and ERK to the antinociceptive effects of TGF-β1 in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic rats

Abstract: BackgroundTransforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) are a group of multifunctional proteins that have neuroprotective roles in various experimental models. We previously reported that intrathecal (i.t.) injections of TGF-β1 significantly inhibit neuropathy-induced thermal hyperalgesia, spinal microglia and astrocyte activation, as well as upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α. However, additional cellular mechanisms for the antinociceptive effects of TGF-β1, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p… Show more

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Cited by 36 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…Additionally, PKM2 increased strongly in LPS-activated macrophages, translocated into the nucleus and bounded with HIF-1α and STAT3 to promote the expression of inflammatory cytokines Il-1β and TNF-α [ 31 , 46 ]. Inhibiting these signaling pathways can effectively suppress the generation of pro-inflammatory and neuropathic pain [ 28 30 ]. Accordingly, we examined the phosphorylation of these signaling pathways after intrathecal injection of PKM2 siRNA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Additionally, PKM2 increased strongly in LPS-activated macrophages, translocated into the nucleus and bounded with HIF-1α and STAT3 to promote the expression of inflammatory cytokines Il-1β and TNF-α [ 31 , 46 ]. Inhibiting these signaling pathways can effectively suppress the generation of pro-inflammatory and neuropathic pain [ 28 30 ]. Accordingly, we examined the phosphorylation of these signaling pathways after intrathecal injection of PKM2 siRNA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PKM2 can phosphorylates ERK1/2, STAT-3 and PI3K/AKT, enhancing cell proliferation and subsequent related gene transcription [ 25 27 ]. These signaling pathways are activated in spinal cord (SC) after nerve injury and contribute to the development of neuropathic pain [ 28 30 ]. PKM2 also interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF-1α) and upregulates the expression of IL-1β [ 31 ] in LPS-activated macrophages.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By following Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK, ERK plays a key role in signal transduction from cell membrane receptors to the nucleus. This shows that activation of ERK in the spinal cord dorsal horn neurons is significant in producing and maintaining central sensitization[ 24 ]. This indicates that the ERK pathway is involved in regulation of nociceptive signals in the spinal cord, and early intervention at the spinal cord level should be effective in blocking pain transmission[ 25 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(Bottner et al, 2000) In preclinical studies, TGF-β1 prevented the development of neuropathic pain associated with traumatic nerve injury and reversed previously established neuropathic pain. (Chen et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2013;Echeverry et al, 2009).…”
Section: Perturbed Neuroinflammation-related Pathways Associated Withmentioning
confidence: 99%