Contributions of Fluid Convection and Electrical Migration to Transport in Cartilage: Relevance to Loading

Garcia, A.Minerva; Frank, Eliot H.; Grimshaw, P.E.; Grodzinsky, Alan J.

doi:10.1006/abbi.1996.0397

Cited by 89 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…It is known that the mechanical interaction between solute and matrix may restrict solute transport in cartilaginous tissue for both diffusion and convection (Garcia et al, 1996). For diffusion, the intra-tissue diffusivities (D α ) were always smaller than their corresponding values in free solution ( D 0 α ), and its value is compression-dependent (Leddy and Guilak, 2003;Quinn et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional inhomogeneous triphasic finite-element analysis of physical signals and solute transport in human intervertebral disc under axial compression

Yao

2007

Journal of Biomechanics

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A 3D inhomogeneous finite element model for charged hydrated soft tissues containing charged/ uncharged solutes was developed and applied to analyze the mechanical, chemical and electrical signals within the human intervertebral disc during an axial unconfined compression. The effects of tissue properties and boundary conditions on the physical signals and the transport of fluid and solute were investigated. The numerical simulation showed that, during disc compression, the fluid pressurization and the effective (von Misses) solid stress were more pronounced in the annulus fibrosus (AF) region near the interface between AF and nucleus pulposus (NP). In NP, the distributions of the fluid pressure, effective stress, and electrical potential were more uniform than those in AF. The electrical signals were very sensitive to fixed charge density. Changes in material properties of NP (water content, fixed charge density, and modulus) affected fluid pressure, electrical potential, effective stress, and solute transport in the disc. This study is important for understanding disc biomechanics, disc nutrition and disc mechanobiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional inhomogeneous triphasic finite-element analysis of physical signals and solute transport in human intervertebral disc under axial compression

Yao

2007

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Fluid movement due to joint loading and unloading has clearly been shown to increase the transport of large molecules in the extracellular matrix [35][36][37][38] and may increase the interstitial concentration of molecules above the static partition coefficient. 39 Nonetheless, compression may also decrease the effective pore size of the cartilage, and thus larger molecules may get trapped in the matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and transport properties of human ankle and knee cartilage

Fetter

Leddy

Guilak

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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ABSTRACT:The incidence of osteoarthritis is significantly higher in the knee as compared to the ankle, suggesting that differences in the properties of cartilage from these joints may contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. As an avascular tissue, articular cartilage depends primarily upon diffusion for molecular transport. The goal of this study was to determine if differences in the structure and composition between ankle and knee cartilage were also reflected as differences in solute transport properties. The diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient of a 70-kDa dextran molecule were measured in human ankle and knee articular cartilage using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and were compared to the proteoglycan, collagen, water, and DNA contents within each zone. The mean partition coefficient was significantly lower in the ankle compared to the knee (0.010 AE 0.002 vs. 0.022 AE 0.003, p < 0.01), but no differences in the diffusion coefficients were observed (34.6 AE 0.9 mm 2 s À1 vs. 35.4 AE 2.4 mm 2 s À1 , p ¼ 0.70). Ankle cartilage exhibited higher proteoglycan content as well as a trend toward lower water content, suggesting that ankle cartilage has a smaller effective pore size than knee cartilage. These findings suggest that differences in the composition of ankle and knee cartilage contribute to a difference in the partition coefficient. The results of this study provide further support for the hypothesis that the transport properties of cartilage may play a role in the differences in the incidence of osteoarthritis in these joints by altering the effective concentration of growth factors and cytokines to which chondrocytes are exposed. ß

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“…The individual contributions of diffusion and convection to protein transport within cartilage have been examined. 3,4 These studies revealed that when cartilage is stimulated by fluid flowing at a velocity of 1 mm/s (flow velocity within cartilage at normal walking frequencies 5 ), the efficiency of mass transfer of solutes is tremendously improved. Turbulent flow-induced shear environments can be established…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Morphology and Homogeneity of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage in Hydrodynamic Cultivation with Transient Exposure to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Transforming Growth Factor-β1

Yang

Barabino

2013

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Successful tissue-engineering strategies for cartilage repair must maximize the efficacy of chondrocytes within their limited life span. To that end, the combination of exogenous growth factors with mechanical stimuli holds promise for development of clinically relevant cartilage tissue substitutes. The current study aimed to determine whether incorporation of transient exposure to growth factors into a hydrodynamic bioreactor system can improve the functional maturation of tissue-engineered cartilage. Chondrocyte-seeded polyglycolic acid scaffolds were cultivated within a wavy-walled bioreactor that imparts fluid flow-induced shear stress for 4 weeks. Constructs were nourished with 100 ng/mL insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) either for the first 15 days of the culture (transient) or throughout the entire cultivation (continuous). Transiently treated constructs were found to exhibit better functional properties than continuously nourished constructs. The limited development of engineered tissues continuously stimulated by IGF-1 or TGF-b1 was related to massive growth factor leftovers in the environments that downregulated the expression of the associated receptors. Treatment with TGF-b1 eliminated the formation of a fibrous capsule at the construct periphery possibly through suppression of Smad3 phosphorylation, yielding constructs with greater homogeneity. Furthermore, TGF-b1 reversely regulated Smad2 and Smad3 pathways in articular chondrocytes under hydrodynamic stimuli partially via Smad7. Collectively, transient exposure to growth factors is likely to maintain chondrocyte homeostasis, and thus promotes their anabolic activities under hydrodynamic stimuli. The present work suggests that robust hydrodynamically engineered neocartilage with a reduced fibrotic response and enhanced tissue homogeneity can be achieved through optimization of growth factor supplementation protocols and potentially through manipulation of intracellular signals such as Smad.

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Contributions of Fluid Convection and Electrical Migration to Transport in Cartilage: Relevance to Loading

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Three-dimensional inhomogeneous triphasic finite-element analysis of physical signals and solute transport in human intervertebral disc under axial compression

Three-dimensional inhomogeneous triphasic finite-element analysis of physical signals and solute transport in human intervertebral disc under axial compression

Composition and transport properties of human ankle and knee cartilage

Differential Morphology and Homogeneity of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage in Hydrodynamic Cultivation with Transient Exposure to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Transforming Growth Factor-β1

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