Contributions of different mosquito species to the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria: implications for monitoring infection by PCR in mosquito pools

Lenhart, Audrey; Eigege, Abel; Alphonsus, Kal; Pam, Dung; Miri, Emmanuel S.; Gerlong, George; Oneyka, J O A; Sambo, Yohanna; Danboyi, Jacob; Ibrahim, Bako; Dahl, E.; Kumbak, D; Dakul, Anthony Danaan; Jinadu, M. Y.; Umaru, John; Richards, Frank O.; Lehmann, Tovi

doi:10.1186/1475-2883-6-14

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The result of the present investigation is at variance with the incrimination rates of Wuchereria bancrofti (9.2% and 11.1%) reported by Lenhart et al (2007) in Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis respectively in Central Nigeria.…”

Section: Concomitant Infection Of Plasmodium Falciparumcontrasting

confidence: 73%

Studies on the Incrimination Rates of Two Minor Vectors - Anopheles Gambiae and Anopheles Funestus Complexes in the Transmission of Bancroftian Filariasis in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria

Manyi¹,

Dechi²,

Kwaghbo³

2016

ijSciences

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Abstract:Studies on the roles of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in Makurdi, Nigeria across four localities: High-level, Wurukum, North-bank and Wadata were undertaken from July, 2011 to June, 2012. 1,681 adult female mosquitoes were identified and dissected with the aid of standard keys and procedures to determine their incrimination rates with microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. 1,040 (61.87%) of these were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato while 641 (38.13%) were Anopheles funestus. The results showed a significant difference ( ) 05 . 0  P between the mosquito species and their abundance. The overall microfilarial incrimination rate was 5.77% (97/1,681); Anopheles gambiae s.l. was more incriminated (3.57%) than Anopheles funestus (2.20%). The incrimination rates differed significantly ( ) 05 . 0  P between the two mosquito species surveyed. ANOVA also showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in the microfilarial incrimination rates across the localities and seasons: North-bank locality had the highest microfilarial incrimination rate of 17.23% while mosquitoes from High level, Wurukum and Wadata localities had similar incrimination rates of 3.94%, 3.93% and 3.79% respectively. These rates were higher during the dry season than the wet period. The results revealed potential risk of lymphatic filariasis transmission among residents of Makurdi, since the two Anopheles vectors effectively harboured microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti in their salivary glands. However, determination of microfilarial infection rates in human population is recommended in the study area. The results of the present investigation may provide entomological baseline data required for both present and future implementation of vector/disease control interventions in Makurdi

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Section: Concomitant Infection Of Plasmodium Falciparumcontrasting

confidence: 73%

Studies on the Incrimination Rates of Two Minor Vectors - Anopheles Gambiae and Anopheles Funestus Complexes in the Transmission of Bancroftian Filariasis in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria

Manyi¹,

Dechi²,

Kwaghbo³

2016

ijSciences

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“…gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis mf was found only in one site and was 9.2% (Jos Plateau) and 11.1% (Jos Plateau) respectively [24]. For An.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The result from all the articles used in the database [24]–[31],[33],[40],[41],[61]–[94],[96]–[105],[114]–[124],[133]–[134],[137]–[177] emphasizes the need for a detailed understanding of the distribution, species composition, behaviour and insecticide susceptibility levels of local vectors in order to successfully control the diseases. It reveals the areas where a dearth of data exists and emphasizes the importance of collecting data systematically, so that the impact of the interventions can be measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nigeria Anopheles Vector Database: An Overview of 100 Years' Research

et al. 2011

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Anopheles mosquitoes are important vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis (LF), which are major public health diseases in Nigeria. Malaria is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium and LF by the parasitic worm Wuchereria bancrofti. Updating our knowledge of the Anopheles species is vital in planning and implementing evidence based vector control programs. To present a comprehensive report on the spatial distribution and composition of these vectors, all published data available were collated into a database. Details recorded for each source were the locality, latitude/longitude, time/period of study, species, abundance, sampling/collection methods, morphological and molecular species identification methods, insecticide resistance status, including evidence of the kdr allele, and P. falciparum sporozoite rate and W. bancrofti microfilaria prevalence. This collation resulted in a total of 110 publications, encompassing 484,747 Anopheles mosquitoes in 632 spatially unique descriptions at 142 georeferenced locations being identified across Nigeria from 1900 to 2010. Overall, the highest number of vector species reported included An. gambiae complex (65.2%), An. funestus complex (17.3%), An. gambiae s.s. (6.5%). An. arabiensis (5.0%) and An. funestus s.s. (2.5%), with the molecular forms An. gambiae M and S identified at 120 locations. A variety of sampling/collection and species identification methods were used with an increase in molecular techniques in recent decades. Insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorines was found in the main Anopheles species across 45 locations. Presence of P. falciparum and W. bancrofti varied between species with the highest sporozoite rates found in An. gambiae s.s, An. funestus s.s. and An. moucheti, and the highest microfilaria prevalence in An. gambiae s.l., An. arabiensis, and An. gambiae s.s. This comprehensive geo-referenced database provides an essential baseline on Anopheles vectors and will be an important resource for malaria and LF vector control programmes in Nigeria.

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“…There is little evidence that Culex species, a better urban breeding mosquito, plays an important role in the transmission of LF in Nigeria. 6 For the other seven LGAs, the explanation for their MDA success is less obvious. Mathematical modeling has predicted that where LF prevalence at baseline is highest, longer and better MDA coverage is required, and may require the addition of vector control measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Anopheles funestus are the vectors of Wuchereria bancrofti in these two states. 6 Baseline LF mapping using rapid blood antigen detection tests showed mean local government area (LGA) prevalence of 23% (range 4-62%) among persons 15 years of age and older in 70 randomly selected sites in the two states. 7,8 Since 2000, health education plus MDA using 150 μg/kg of ivermectin (Mectizan ; donated by Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ) and 400 mg of albendazole (donated by GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, UK) have been implemented annually according to WHO guidelines to eliminate LF transmission, using each LGA as an independent MDA implementation unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Stopping Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis in Some, But Not All Local Government Areas of Plateau and Nasarawa States, Nigeria

King

Eigege

Umaru³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. An average of six annual rounds of ivermectin and albendazole were distributed in Plateau and Nasarawa States, Nigeria, to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. From 2007 to 2008, population-based surveys were implemented in all 30 local government areas (LGAs) of the two states to determine the prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia to assess which LGA mass drug administration (MDA) could be halted. In total, 36,681 persons from 7,819 households were examined for filarial antigen as determined by immunochromatographic card tests. Overall antigen prevalence was 3.05% (exact upper 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.41%) with an upper 95% CI range by LGA of 0.50-19.3%. Among 3,233 children 6-7 years of age, overall antigen prevalence was 1.71% (exact upper 95% CI = 2.19%), too high to recommend generally halting MDA in the two-state area. However, based on criteria of 2% antigenemia among persons 2 years of age, stopping MDA was recommended for 10 LGAs.

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Contributions of different mosquito species to the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria: implications for monitoring infection by PCR in mosquito pools

Abstract: Background: Members of the Anopheles gambiae complex are important vectors of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in sub-Saharan Africa, but little is known about the relative contributions of all mosquitoes to lymphatic filariasis transmission in this area.

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Studies on the Incrimination Rates of Two Minor Vectors - Anopheles Gambiae and Anopheles Funestus Complexes in the Transmission of Bancroftian Filariasis in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria

Studies on the Incrimination Rates of Two Minor Vectors - Anopheles Gambiae and Anopheles Funestus Complexes in the Transmission of Bancroftian Filariasis in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria

Nigeria Anopheles Vector Database: An Overview of 100 Years' Research

Evidence for Stopping Mass Drug Administration for Lymphatic Filariasis in Some, But Not All Local Government Areas of Plateau and Nasarawa States, Nigeria

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