Contributions of Community-Based Organizations Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV Testing Program

Marano-Lee, Mariette; Williams, W. Jon; Uhl, Gary; Eke, Adanze; Joshua, Tanesha; Xu, Songli; Carter, Jarvis; Rakestraw, Antonya; Dunbar, Erica

doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000001446

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, this study found that participating in activities conducted by CBOs and receiving HIV-related information through social media were positively associated with HIV testing uptake. To date, the CBOs have played an essential role in addressing determinants of health through their formal and informal medical and social services [30,31], and social media have been widely used in HIV prevention programs [32,33]. More programs including education on HIV prevalence and HIV risk assessment with consulting service could be conducted by CBOs through activities or through social media to make MSM understanding the HIV risk better and seek testing services routinely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake among men who have sex with men in Shandong province, China: a cross-sectional study

Lin,

Li,

Liao

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake are inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the discrepancy between the perceived and actual HIV risk, and quantify the associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and three HIV prevention services utilization among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong province, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shandong province in June 2021. Participants were eligible if they were born biologically male, aged 18 years or older, had negative or unknown HIV status, and had sex with men in the past year. Participants were recruited online. The discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk of HIV infection was evaluated by calculating the Kappa value. Bayesian model averaging was used to assess the associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake. Results A total of 1136 MSM were recruited, most of them were 30 years old or younger (59.9%), single (79.5%), with at least college education level (74.7%). Most participants (97.4%) perceived that they had low risk of HIV infection, and 14.1% were assessed with high actual risk. The discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk of HIV infection was evaluated with a Kappa value of 0.076 (P < 0.001). HIV testing uptake had a weak association with perceived high HIV prevalence among social networks (aOR = 1.156, post probability = 0.547). The perceived high HIV prevalence among national MSM was positive related to willingness to use PrEP (aOR = 1.903, post probability = 0.943) and PEP (aOR = 1.737, post probability = 0.829). Perceived personal risk (aOR = 4.486, post probability = 0.994) and perceived HIV prevalence among social networks (aOR = 1.280, post probability = 0.572) were related to history of using PrEP. Perceived personal risk (aOR = 3.144, post probability = 0.952), actual risk (aOR = 1.890, post probability = 0.950), and perceived risk among social networks (aOR = 1.502, post probability = 0.786) were related to history of using PEP. Conclusions There is discordance between perceived and actual personal risk of HIV infection among MSM in China. HIV risk assessment and education on HIV prevalence among MSM should be strengthened to assist high-risk populations aware their risk accurately and hence access HIV prevention services proactively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake among men who have sex with men in Shandong province, China: a cross-sectional study

Lin,

Li,

Liao

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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“…Non–health care sites, particularly community-based organizations (CBOs), are known and trusted by their communities and have culturally competent providers of HIV testing and referrals to HIV care and PrEP sites27 and thus able to make a substantial impact with persons at risk for HIV acquisition and persons with newly diagnosed HIV. For example in 1 study, being tested for HIV and receiving free condoms from an HIV/AIDS CBO were associated with PrEP awareness 28.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Interventions that might be effective to increase PrEP awareness among Hispanic/Latino persons include social media strategies, social marketing, community education materials, peer networks, support groups, and culturally and linguistically competent staff. 25,26 Non-health care sites, particularly communitybased organizations (CBOs), are known and trusted by their communities and have culturally competent providers of HIV testing and referrals to HIV care and PrEP sites 27 and thus able to make a substantial impact with persons at risk for HIV acquisition and persons with newly diagnosed HIV. For example in 1 study, being tested for HIV and receiving free condoms from an HIV/AIDS CBO were associated with PrEP awareness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Linkage to Care and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Persons in Non–Health Care Sites Who Are Tested for HIV for the First Time, United States, 2019

Beltrami

Rao

Wang

et al. 2022

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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Context: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that all persons aged 13 to 64 years are tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, results from US surveys show that 50% of persons and less had ever tested for HIV. Program: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention annually funds 60 health departments to conduct comprehensive HIV prevention and surveillance activities that include HIV testing. Implementation: We selected the 31 health departments with quality data (ie, ≤20% missing or invalid values for variables to verify linkage to HIV medical care and new HIV diagnoses) in 2019. Main outcomes were new HIV diagnoses, linkage, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and referrals. We used SAS 9.4 to conduct descriptive, chi-square, and multivariate regression analyses. Our objectives were to determine outcomes and characteristics of persons in non–health care settings who tested for HIV for the first time. Evaluation: Compared with persons who previously tested for HIV, persons who tested for the first time were more likely to be aged 13 to 29 years than aged 30 years and older (62.0% [24 295/39 192] vs 42.1% [61 911/147 087], P < .001) and have a higher percentage of new HIV diagnoses (0.6% [242/39 320] vs 0.5% [667/147 475], P < .001). Among persons who tested for the first time, overall percentages of linkage, PrEP awareness, and PrEP referral were 73.4%, 33.3%, and 30.8%, respectively. Compared with referent groups, persons who tested for the first time in the South and had a new HIV diagnosis were less likely to be linked (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.89); persons who inject drugs were less likely to be aware of PrEP (aPR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77-0.91); and persons in the Northeast were less likely to receive PrEP referrals (aPR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.26-0.31). Discussion: Non–health care sites should consider increasing HIV testing, PrEP awareness, and prompt referrals to PrEP and HIV treatment services for persons who have never previously tested.

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Contributions of the Community-Based Organization Program Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to Linkage to HIV Medical Care

Marano-Lee,

Williams,

et al. 2024

Public Health Rep

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Objective: Linkage to HIV medical care is important in the continuum of HIV care and health outcomes for people with HIV. The objective of this analysis was to identify how the community-based organization (CBO) program contributes to linkage to HIV medical care among people with newly diagnosed HIV in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) HIV testing program. Methods: We analyzed HIV linkage-to-care data submitted to CDC from 2019 through 2021. Linkage was defined as confirmation that an individual attended their first HIV medical care appointment within 30 days of their HIV test date. We included in the analysis data submitted from the health department (HD) program that included 61 state and local HDs in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands and the CBO program that included 150 CBOs. Results: The CBO program linked a higher proportion of people to HIV medical care within 30 days of diagnosis (86.7%) than the HD program (73.7%). By population group, the proportion linked in the CBO program was higher than the proportion linked in the HD program among men who have sex with men (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.13; P < .001), men who have sex with men/people who inject drugs (PR = 1.29; P < .001), transgender people (PR = 1.28; P < .001), and those reporting no sexual contact or injection drug use (PR = 1.34; P < .001). In the Cox proportional hazards model, time to linkage in the CBO program was significantly shorter than in the HD program (hazard ratio = 0.63; P < .001). Conclusion: This analysis shows that the CBO program fills a vital need in linking newly diagnosed HIV-positive people to HIV medical care, which is important in the HIV care continuum and for viral suppression.

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Contributions of Community-Based Organizations Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV Testing Program

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake among men who have sex with men in Shandong province, China: a cross-sectional study

Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake among men who have sex with men in Shandong province, China: a cross-sectional study

HIV Linkage to Care and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Persons in Non–Health Care Sites Who Are Tested for HIV for the First Time, United States, 2019

Contributions of the Community-Based Organization Program Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to Linkage to HIV Medical Care

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