Contribution to the Structure of BOF-Slags and its Influence on Their Volume Stability

Steel furnace slag aggregate expansion and hardened concrete properties

“…Magnesioferrite is not a commonly-identified phase in SFS, but it has been identified in both BOF [35] and EAF [24,25] slags. Bredigite and mayenite are also phases that have only been found to occur in EAF slags [22,24,25,52,53,[55][56][57][58], while srebrodolskite is primarily only found in BOF slags [31,34,35,38,43,51,[58][59][60][61]. The natural coarse and fine aggregates were also characterized by XRD, which indicated that the coarse aggregate was dolomite and the fine aggregate consisted of quartz and dolomite.…”

Electric arc furnace slag and its use in hydraulic concrete

“…According to the scientific literature [61,66], the free lime found in LD-slag can be divided into two groups. The first group is residual free lime (not completely dissolved in a liquid state) that is grainy or spongy with particle sizes of between 2 and 40 microns.…”

“…The similarity between the oxides, which may even be present in similar proportions in both EAFS and LD converter slag (Linz-Donawitz converter slag) or BOF-slag, (Basic Oxygen Furnace slag) and their common stony-gravel presentation, might lead to the erroneous impression that they are the same material. However, these products differ slightly, due the lower amount of free calcium oxide, CaO, also called free lime [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] in the EAFS, which also explains its lower expansiveness. Nowadays, the use of EAFS as a coarse aggregate in hydraulic concrete is widely accepted, while LD-slag is mainly applied in roadbeds.…”

The effect of chemical composition on the leaching behaviour of electric arc furnace (EAF) carbon steel slag during a standard leaching test

“…For examples, Italian environmental legislation 30 requires the monitoring of 22 parameters, namely pH, COD, As, 31 Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr(tot), Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V, Zn, Cl À , CN À , F À , 32 NO 3 À , SO 4 2À , whereas in Germany only few parameters must be 33 controlled (pH, EC, Cr, Mo, V and Fluorides). In France and Spain 34 almost the same elements are restricted (particularly focused on 35 heavy metals). The limits on Cd and Se in Spain are the most strictly 36 (less than 1 mg/l) amongst the considered European countries.…”