Contribution of trehalose to ethanol stress tolerance of Wickerhamomyces anomalus

Abstract

Background The ascomycetous heterothallic yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus (WA) has received considerable attention and has been widely reported in the winemaking industry for its distinctive physiological traits and metabolic attributes. An increased concentration of ethanol during ethanol fermentation, however, causes ethanol stress (ES) on the yeast cells. Trehalose has been implicated in improving survival under various stress conditions in microorganisms. Herein, we determined the effects of trehalose supplementation on the survival, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), cellular morphology, and oxidative stress tolerance of WA in response to ES. Results The results indicated that trehalose improved the survival and anomalous surface and ultrastructural morphology of WA. Additionally, trehalose improved redox homeostasis by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, DEGs affected by the application of trehalose were enriched in these categories including in gene expression, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and cell cycle pathways. Additionally, trehalose increased the content of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate. Conclusions These results reveal the protective role of trehalose in ES mitigation and strengthen the possible uses of WA in the wine fermentation sector.

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Three Root Exudates from Mulberry Seedlings against Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum

“…The pathogenicity of Rp is largely attributed to various factors, including EPS for colonization and protection, T3SS for delivering virulence effectors into host cells, cell wall-degrading enzymes to facilitate infection, and motility for spreading within the plant. The expression of T3SS-related genes is regulated by transcription factors like HrpB, HrpG, PrhG, and PhcA, with PhcA playing a central role in coordinating the expression of virulence factors while modulating EPS production, cellulase activity, swimming motility, and type III secretion system (T3SS) gene expression [ 16 , 17 ]. The hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) gene cluster in Ralstonia encodes the type III secretion system, which secretes effector proteins and delivers them into the cytoplasm of host plant cells [ 18 ].…”