Raman spectra are presented for dilute aqueous solutions of the four ribonucleotides AMP, GMP, UMP, and CMP obtained with laser excitation at 299, 266, 253, 240, 229, 218, 209, and 200 nm. Distinct evidence of strong, selective resonance enhancement is obtained. Low-resolution excitation profiles have been constructed for the strongest bands by using the phosphate band at 994 cm-1 as an internal reference. The excitation spectra for many of the vibrational bands are dominated by a peak corresponding to the lowestenergy electronic transition near 260 nm. Smaller peaks are seen for higher-energy electronic transitions. For some modes, the resonance enhancement is dominated by the higher-energy transitions. It is clear from these new data that a full description of the resonance Raman profiles of the nucleic acids will have to include several excited electronic states. Two examples are given of cases where ionic species can be distinguished easily by using far-UV excitation, but these species are indistinguishable with 266-nm excitation. This demonstrates the utility of far-UV resonance Raman spectroscopy for obtaining structural information.The vibrational frequencies of a macromolecule are often dependent on specific conformation. Consequently, useful structural information about biological macromolecules can be obtained by using Raman or infrared spectroscopy. The Raman technique is well suited for studying biological molecules because it is applicable to aqueous solutions and does not damage the sample. Unfortunately the classical Raman effect is weak, making high sample concentrations necessary. Additional problems arise in the study of large molecules when the Raman spectrum becomes crowded with many bands from different vibrational modes that have similar frequencies. Many of these problems can be circumvented by taking advantage of the resonance effect in Raman spectroscopy. This technique involves generating Raman spectra with an excitation frequency that is in the region of an electronic absorption of the macromolecule.The intensity of Raman light scattered from an absorbing molecular chromophore changes considerably as the excitation wavelength of the incident light is varied over the range of the absorbing frequencies (1)(2)(3). This resonance effect can be appreciated when one examines the expression describing the intensity of the Raman scattered light. Clearly, when the excitation frequency co approaches the frequency of an electronic absorption, the denominator, E, -Eo -irF, (where E, is the energy of a vibronic level of the excited electronic state, Eo is the laser energy, and rF is the half-width of the vibronic level) becomes small and the intensity of Raman scattered light for a given vibrational mode approaches infinity. This enhancement permits drastic reductions in sample concentrations, often by several orders of magnitude. The particular excited electronic state that will give rise to resonance enhancement of particular vibrational frequencies depends on the vibrational overlap f...