Contribution of the Atmospheric Dynamics to the Sporadic Sodium Layer Formation

Yang, Guotao; Wang, Jia-Min; Liu, Bingmo; Cheng, Xianghong; Wan, Weixing; Gong, Shunsheng

doi:10.1088/0256-307x/19/4/347

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Considering the relevance of copper and the redox nature of the degradation, we speculated that the degradation could be a more general feature for copper-containing proteins, particularly for multi-copper oxidases (MCOs). Bilirubin oxidase, an endogenous protein, is a copper-containing polyphenol oxidase that shares similar copper coordination structure CuSS*N2 (S = Cys, S* = Met, N = His) as the ceruloplasmin family 13,[50][51][52] . As expected, we observed faint cleaved bands from the mixture of FAM-Aβ42 and bilirubin oxidase (BO) (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Degradation By Ascorbate Oxidase and Other Multiplecopper Ox...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of amyloid beta species by multi-copper oxidases

Yang

Ran²,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Reduction of the production of amyloid beta (Aβ) species has been intensively investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the degradation of Aβ species, another potentially beneficial approach, has been far less explored. In this study, we discovered that ceruloplasmin (CP), an important multi-copper oxidase (MCO) in human blood, could degrade Aβ peptides. We also found that the presence of Vitamin C could enhance the degrading effect in a concentration-dependent manner. We then validated the CP-Aβ interaction using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, fluorescence photometer, and fluorescence polarization measurement. Based on the above discovery, we hypothesized that other MCOs had similar Aβ-degrading functions. Indeed, we found that other MCOs could induce Aβ degradation as well. Remarkably, we revealed that ascorbate oxidase (AO) had the strongest degrading effect among the tested MCOs. Using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) neuron cells, we observed that AO could rescue neuron toxicity which induced by Aβ oligomers. In addition, our electrophysiological analysis with brain slices suggested that AO could prevent an Aβ-induced deficit in synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. To the best of our knowledge, our report is the first to demonstrate that MCOs have a degrading function for peptides/proteins. Further investigations are warranted to explore the possible benefits of MCOs for future AD treatment.

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Section: Degradation By Ascorbate Oxidase and Other Multiplecopper Ox...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of amyloid beta species by multi-copper oxidases

Yang

Ran²,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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24 h continuous observation of sodium layer over Wuhan by lidar

Cheng

Gong

et al. 2007

SCI CHINA SER G

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Based on the dual-wavelength lidar we have developed, the 24 h continuous observation has been realized in its sodium channel by using Faraday atomic filter technology and other relevant technologies. This will facilitate the continuous observation of the sodium layer and the relevant upper atmosphere over Wuhan. A result of about 50 h observation indicates that the daytime column density of sodium layer over Wuhan is slightly increased compared to that during the nighttime, and the characteristics of the sporadic sodium layer occurring during the daytime are compared with that during the nighttime.lidar, 24 h continuous observation, sodium layer, Faraday atomic filter Lidar, for its high special resolution, high detection sensitivity and direct interaction with molecules and atoms, has been widely used for the lower, middle and upper atmosphere detections. At the altitude of 80-110 km, there are some layers formed by Na, K, Ca atoms. Among them, the sodium layer can be most easily detected because its fluorescence efficiency is larger and its resonance wavelength is in the visible range. Since the 1980s, many countries over the world have developed their sodium fluorescence lidars and conducted the observations at their locations [1][2][3] . Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences established its sodium fluorescence lidar in 1996 [4] , and conducted the sodium layer observations over Wuhan, China (114°E, 31°N) since then [5][6][7][8] .As the intensity of the lidar echo from sodium layer is very weak for the low atomic density and the high altitude of sodium layer, the echo from sodium layer can be obtained only by the single-photon counting technique (usually, the probability of one photon detection during 1 μs is about 10%). Therefore, the sunlight during the daytime is a serious problem which causes that most of the sodium fluorescence lidar can only work during the nighttime (about 19:00-05:00). This situation is unfavorable for the continuous observation of sodium layer to investigate the tidal wave

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A review of latitudinal characteristics of sporadic sodium layers, including new results from the Chinese Meridian Project

Qiu

Tang

Jia

et al. 2016

Earth-Science Reviews

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Characteristics of the sporadic sodium layers (SSLs or NaS) in different latitudes and altitudes are summarized in this paper and the possible mechanisms are discussed. The SSLs in high latitude have a maximum frequency near midnight with significant seasonal differences of height and intensity being reported in previous studies. The average height of summer SSLs was much lower than that of winter SSLs and the average density enhancement factor for summer SSLs was much larger than that for winter SSLs. The simultaneous observations of the SSLs and sporadic E layers (ES) suggested that the ES probably contribute significantly to the formation of high latitude SSLs. In contrast, the temperature mechanism seemed to contribute little to the high latitude SSLs, especially since plenty or frequent high latitude SSLs were observed under minimum temperature conditions. The SSLs in the subtropical area from 20˚N to 35˚N show similar characteristics between different stations. The onset of SSLs in Hefei (31.8˚N, 117.3˚E) maintains (?) high occurrence from 20 to 03 LT and the peak height distribution is distinctly different between summer and winter. The winter sporadic sodium events are largely confined to altitudes below 96 km, while summer SSLs occurred frequently above 96 km. The simultaneous observations of SSLs, ES and high temperature suggested that the SSLs in subtropical area have a closer link with high temperature conditions than with the formation of ES. The high temperature are most likely caused by gravity wave breaking, together with a newly proposed icy dust sodium reservoir, both processes probably contribute importantly for the formation of subtropical SSLs. In contrast, the ES are not essential for most SSLs in the subtropical area, and they seem to influence only a few SSLs above 96 km, especially in the summer months from May to August. The observations from the Haikou station (19.5˚N, 109.1˚E) suggested that the SSLs in low latitude have some similar characteristics with that of the subtropical area. SSLs in Haikou also have stable occurrence frequency between 20-03 LT and the average altitude of the winter SSLs is lower than that of the summer SSLs. However, the occurrence frequency of SSLs above 96 km does not show any obvious seasonal difference for this station. The abundance of data and observations from low-latitude stations indicate that both the temperature control mechanism and ES theory are likely responsible for the formation of SSLs in the low latitudes and each mechanism can generate distinct types of SSLs. Temperature control mechanism is more likely to account for the large SSLs below 96 km, while ES theory probably contributes more directly to some SSLs above 96 km. Our results highlighted both the single-mechanism and combined actions of the temperature mechanism and ES theory on the formation of the SSLs in different latitudes and altitudes. The high latitude SSLs have a closer link with the ES theory and the subtropical SSLs correlate more strongly to high temperature, while both the...

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Contribution of the Atmospheric Dynamics to the Sporadic Sodium Layer Formation

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Degradation of amyloid beta species by multi-copper oxidases

Degradation of amyloid beta species by multi-copper oxidases

24 h continuous observation of sodium layer over Wuhan by lidar

A review of latitudinal characteristics of sporadic sodium layers, including new results from the Chinese Meridian Project

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