Contribution of smoking to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: a study of 14 European countries, 1990–2004

Gregoraci, Giorgia; Lenthe, Frank J. van; Artnik, Barbara; Bopp, Matthias; Deboosere, Patrick; Kovács, Katalin; Looman, Caspar W. N.; Martikainen, Pekka; Menvielle, Gwenn; Peters, Frederik; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Gelder, Rianne de; Mackenbach, Johan P.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052766

Cited by 70 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Smoking is often mentioned as the single most important mediating factor of inequalities in mortality. In line with the above-mentioned findings, we recently found a decline in absolute inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality, among men [10]. At the same time however, countries witnessed a substantial increase in obesity, and current socioeconomic inequalities in obesity across Europe suggest that the increase was larger among lower socioeconomic groups [11].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Trends in educational inequalities in obesity in 15 European countries between 1990 and 2010

Hoffmann

Gelder

et al. 2016

European Journal of Public Health

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Background: The prevalence of obesity increased dramatically in many European countries in the past decades. Whether the increase occurred to the same extent in all socioeconomic groups is less known. We systematically assessed and compared the trends in educational inequalities in obesity in 15 different European countries between 1990 and 2010.Methods: Nationally representative survey data from 15 European countries were harmonized and used in a metaregression of trends in prevalence and educational inequalities in obesity between 1990 and 2010. Educational inequalities were estimated by means of absolute rate differences and relative rate ratios in men and women aged 30-64 years. Results: A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of obesity was found for all countries, except for Ireland (among men) and for France, Hungary, Italy and Poland (among women). Meta-regressions showed a statistically significant overall increase in absolute inequalities of 0.11% points [95% CI 0.03, 0.20] per year among men and 0.12% points [95% CI 0.04, 0.20] per year among women. Relative inequalities did not significantly change over time in most countries. A significant reduction of relative inequalities was found among Austrian and Italian women. Conclusion:The increase in the overall prevalence aligned with a widening of absolute but not of relative inequalities in obesity in many European countries over the past two decades. Our findings urge for a further understanding of the drivers of the increase in obesity in lower education groups particularly, and an equity perspective in population-based obesity prevention strategies.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Trends in educational inequalities in obesity in 15 European countries between 1990 and 2010

Hoffmann

Gelder

et al. 2016

European Journal of Public Health

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“…In their study, Gregoraci et al (2017) measured socioeconomic inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and their contribution to inequalities in total mortality in 1990-1994 and 2000-2004 in 14 European countries. They found that since 1990-1994, absolute inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and the contribution of smoking to inequalities in total mortality had both decreased in most countries among men, but had increased among women.…”

Section: Basic Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that since 1990-1994, absolute inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and the contribution of smoking to inequalities in total mortality had both decreased in most countries among men, but had increased among women. According to their conclusions, in many European countries, smoking has become less important as a determinant of socioeconomic inequalities in mortality among men, but not among women (Gregoraci et al, 2017).…”

Section: Basic Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hungarian trends and gender differences in the global smoking epidemic

Wéber¹

2019

DEE

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1This paper analyzes whether developments in Hungary are in keeping with the trends of the process known as the "global smoking epidemic." To this end, the comparative cases of the USA and Austria are used as a benchmark for reviewing the results concerning tobacco consumption and sex differences in mortality. A comparative analysis has been conducted using prevalence and tobacco-related mortality data in longer-term perspectives. The study analyzes the descriptive statistics of the smoking-attributable premature mortality trends in Hungary between 2000 and 2015 by sex, age, and cause of death, using the updated method of the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The results show that Hungarian men are suffering more destructive consequences of the smoking epidemic than American or Austrian men. Hungarian and Austrian women are half a century behind the peak of the epidemic in the USA, and the harmful effect is also smaller than in the USA. Nevertheless, we can also predict that differences by sex will decrease significantly in the future. Between 2000 and 2015, male smoking-attributable mortality declined in Hungary; meanwhile, among women it increased dramatically. As a consequence, in the over-50 age group, increasing tobacco-related mortality is holding back the improvement in female mortality. The key causes of death attributable to

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“…8 Smoking cigarettes accounts for up to half the mortality difference between low-and high-SES men and women. 9,10 Tobacco control efforts can inadvertently widen the socioeconomic gap by preferentially benefiting high-SES smokers. Phelan and Link's Theory of Fundamental Causes explains that socioeconomic disparities in preventable diseases develop as a consequence of unequal access to knowledge or tools related to disease prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Equity Impact of Proactive Outreach to Smokers: Analysis of a Randomized Trial

Danan

Clothier

et al. 2018

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Contribution of smoking to socioeconomic inequalities in mortality: a study of 14 European countries, 1990–2004

Cited by 70 publications

References 41 publications

Trends in educational inequalities in obesity in 15 European countries between 1990 and 2010

Trends in educational inequalities in obesity in 15 European countries between 1990 and 2010

Hungarian trends and gender differences in the global smoking epidemic

The Equity Impact of Proactive Outreach to Smokers: Analysis of a Randomized Trial

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