Contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to life-expectancy differences by marital status among Finnish men and women, 1971-2010

Peltonen, Riina; Ho, Jessica Y.; Elo, Irma T.; Martikainen, Pekka

doi:10.4054/demres.2017.36.8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, the relationship between marital status and health behaviour remains unclear. On the one hand, recent research has suggested that being married is associated with engaging in healthier behaviours, such as consuming less nicotine (Cho et al 2008;Peltonen et al 2017) and alcohol (Duncan et al 2006;Reczek et al 2016). However, studies have consistently shown that being married can have negative effects on body weight (Averett et al 2008;Klein et al 2013;Sobal et al 2003;Umberson et al 2009) and physical activity (Kaplan et al 2001;Rapp/Schneider 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital Status, Partnership and Health Behaviour: Findings from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS)

Hilz

Wagner

2018

CPoS

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Numerous empirical studies have confirmed that married people have a lower risk of morbidity and mortality than unmarried people. However, there is relatively little existing research on the impact of marital status and partnerships on the health behaviour of elderly people in Europe. This study examines the association between partnership status and health-related behaviour among the German population in the second half of life (aged 40-85). We focus on four indicators of health behaviour: smoking, physical activity, body weight, and health check-ups. The data used in the analysis come from the 2008 (n=6,205) and 2014 (n=6,002) waves of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS). We applied logistic regression models with average marginal effects (AME).The results of our analysis are in line with the findings of previous studies, which indicated that being married has a protective effect on smoking and a negative effect on body weight. Crisis effects are found to be limited primarily to smoking by recently widowed people. Our study provides new empirical insights into the extent to which being married has protective effects on the use of health care, as people who are separated, divorced, or never married are found to be less likely to have regular health check-ups compared to married people. Furthermore, our results for physical activity are contrary to previous findings for younger adults, according to which being married is associated with a lower likelihood of participating in physical activities. The results of the data analyses show that at ages 40 and older, unmarried individuals, especially those who are not in a partnership, are at higher risk of physical inactivity than their married counterparts. Our findings on marital status and partnership status therefore demonstrate that being married is strongly associated with positive health behaviours. The results may be useful for designing health programmes or prevention measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marital Status, Partnership and Health Behaviour: Findings from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS)

Hilz

Wagner

2018

CPoS

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“…If so, does the magnitude of the protective effect of marriage differ by age and sex, and which subgroups of unmarried persons have the lowest life expectancy and active life expectancy? While life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by marital status have been examined in different populations, previous investigations had assumed that marital status would remain unchanged until death ( Martikainen et al, 2014 ; Kaprio et al, 1996 ; Peltonen et al, 2017 ). Therefore, these analyses likely overestimated the protective effect of marriage, resulting in the conclusion of a significant increase in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy for married persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life expectancy and active life expectancy by marital status among older U.S. adults: Results from the U.S. Medicare Health Outcome Survey (HOS)

Jia

Lubetkin

2020

SSM - Population Health

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Background Previous investigations of the relationship between marital status and life expectancy and healthy life expectancy rely on the assumption that participants will remain in a given marital status until death. This study estimated total life expectancy (TLE) and active life expectancy (ALE) for respondents by their baseline marital status using a large longitudinal sample of the U.S. community-dwelling elderly population. Methods Data were from the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey Cohort 15 (2012 baseline, 2014 follow-up). We included respondents aged ≥65 years (n = 164,597). Multi-state models estimated TLE and ALE by marital status to allow participants’ marital status to change during the remaining lifetime. Results Between 65 and 85 years, married men and women had a longer TLE and ALE than unmarried men and women. For example, at 65 years, TLE for married men was 18.6 years, 2.2 years longer than unmarried men, and ALE for married men was 12.3 years, 2.4 years longer than unmarried men. Similarly, at 65 years, TLE for married women was 21.1 years, 1.5 years longer than unmarried women, and ALE for married women was 13.0 years, 2.0 years longer than unmarried women. Such marriage protection effects decreased with age. In subgroups of unmarried persons, never married persons had the shortest TLE and ALE among men, and never married, divorced, and widowed persons had a similar, and shorter, TLE and ALE among women. The difference in TLE between married and unmarried persons was smaller after adjusting for baseline activity limitation status. Conclusions This study provides additional evidence for marriage's protective effect, with the magnitude of protection being greater for younger as compared to older persons. Selection bias was a large contributor to longer life expectancy among married persons.

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“…Indeed, women are more likely to attempt to regulate their (male) partner's health habits and be successful in changing them (Berg and Upchurch 2007;Rook et al 2011;Umberson 1992;Westmaas, Wild, and Ferrence 2002), as well as providing emotional support within the marriage (Kiecolt-Glaser and Newton 2001). Unmarried men are more likely than their married counterparts to have unhealthy behaviours such as smoking, or to die of cardiovascular and external causes, while this difference is smaller for women (Hilz and Wagner 2018;Martikainen et al 2005;Peltonen et al 2017;Wang et al 2020). Men's health also tends to worsen more after divorce than women's, although women suffer more from the loss of income that follows (Leopold 2018).…”

Section: Consistent Mortality Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in mortality before retirement: The role of living arrangements and marital status in Denmark

Vigezzi,

Strozza

2024

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDTo make the pension system robust to population ageing, Denmark will increase the statutory retirement age in tandem with national life expectancy. By universally increasing this age, this pension indexation policy might amplify known inequalities in mortality, such as those between people in different living arrangements. OBJECTIVEWe aim to quantify inequalities in mortality before retirement age by living arrangement over time and to estimate whether an increase in the retirement age could disproportionately affect disadvantaged groups. METHODSWe estimate the probability of dying between ages 50 and 65/67/70 for several cohorts of Danes living in different household types, stratifying by socioeconomic status. To give a more complete picture, we also calculate equivalent age for each sub-group. RESULTSIn Denmark considerable mortality inequalities exist depending on living arrangements, and they are becoming larger. Across all the dimensions of mortality we examine, single individuals cumulate a clear disadvantage. An increased retirement age would increase absolute and (for single individuals) relative differences in pre-retirement survival, adding to the widening trends across cohorts. CONCLUSIONSRelying on the national average to set the statutory retirement age risks maintaining these subpopulations' disadvantage. While early retirement schemes exist in Denmark, they mostly impact people based on their occupation. We highlight that other characteristics are strongly tied to mortality and should also be considered.

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Contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to life-expectancy differences by marital status among Finnish men and women, 1971-2010

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Marital Status, Partnership and Health Behaviour: Findings from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS)

Marital Status, Partnership and Health Behaviour: Findings from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS)

Life expectancy and active life expectancy by marital status among older U.S. adults: Results from the U.S. Medicare Health Outcome Survey (HOS)

Differences in mortality before retirement: The role of living arrangements and marital status in Denmark

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