Contribution of silent gallstones in gallbladder cancer

Tewari, Mallika

doi:10.1002/jso.20529

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Animal studies have shown dietary garlic and onions reduce diet-induced cholesterol gallstones [30], a well-established risk factor for gallbladder cancer [3, 31, 32, 33]. Evidence from our study supports this finding, as consumption of both garlic and onions was associated with a moderately decreased risk of gallbladder cancer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Diet and biliary tract cancer risk in Shanghai, China

et al. 2017

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Trends in biliary tract cancer incidence rates have increased in Shanghai, China. These trends have coincided with economic and developmental growth, as well as a shift in dietary patterns to a more Westernized diet. To examine the effect of dietary changes on incident disease, we evaluated associations between diet and biliary tract cancers amongst men and women from a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China. Biliary tract cancer cases were recruited from 42 collaborating hospitals in urban Shanghai, and population-based controls were randomly selected from the Shanghai Household Registry. Food frequency questionnaire data were available for 225 gallbladder, 190 extrahepatic bile duct, and 68 ampulla of Vater cancer cases. A total of 39 food groups were created and examined for associations with biliary tract cancer. Interestingly, only four food groups demonstrated a suggested association with gallbladder, extrahepatic bile duct, or ampulla of Vater cancers. The allium food group, consisting of onions, garlic, and shallots showed an inverse association with gallbladder cancer (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.97). Similar trends were seen in the food group containing seaweed and kelp (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.96). In contrast, both preserved vegetables and salted meats food groups showed positive associations with gallbladder cancer (OR:1.27, 95% CI: 1.06–1.52; OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02–1.37, respectively). Each of these four food groups showed similar trends for extrahepatic bile duct and ampulla of Vater cancers. The results of our analysis suggest intake of foods with greater anti-inflammatory properties may play a role in decreasing the risk of biliary tract cancers. Future studies should be done to better understand effects of cultural changes on diet, and to further examine the impact diet and inflammation have on biliary tract cancer incidence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Diet and biliary tract cancer risk in Shanghai, China

et al. 2017

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“…Further attesting to gallstones being a risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma, the incidence of this cancer rises when the cholecystectomy rate declines 184,195. Nevertheless, consensus does not generally favor prophylactic cholecystectomy for asymptomatic stones196,197 as cholelithiasis is too common and gallbladder cancer too rare. Potential exceptions include large stones greater than 3 cm, which have a risk of 4% over 20 years,27,198 and elderly American Indian females with gallstones 199…”

Section: Gallbladder Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Gallbladder Disease: Cholelithiasis and Cancer

Stinton¹,

Shaffer²

2012

Gut Liver

968

783

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Diseases of the gallbladder are common and costly. The best epidemiological screening method to accurately determine point prevalence of gallstone disease is ultrasonography. Many risk factors for cholesterol gallstone formation are not modifiable such as ethnic background, increasing age, female gender and family history or genetics. Conversely, the modifiable risks for cholesterol gallstones are obesity, rapid weight loss and a sedentary lifestyle. The rising epidemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome predicts an escalation of cholesterol gallstone frequency. Risk factors for biliary sludge include pregnancy, drugs like ceftiaxone, octreotide and thiazide diuretics, and total parenteral nutrition or fasting. Diseases like cirrhosis, chronic hemolysis and ileal Crohn's disease are risk factors for black pigment stones. Gallstone disease in childhood, once considered rare, has become increasingly recognized with similar risk factors as those in adults, particularly obesity. Gallbladder cancer is uncommon in developed countries. In the U.S., it accounts for only ~ 5,000 cases per year. Elsewhere, high incidence rates occur in North and South American Indians. Other than ethnicity and female gender, additional risk factors for gallbladder cancer include cholelithiasis, advancing age, chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gallbladder, congenital biliary abnormalities, and diagnostic confusion over gallbladder polyps.

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“…The prevalence of gallstone increases with age; 2% with age of over 20 years, 20% over 40 years, and 30% over 70 [16]. Clinical course of asymptomatic gallstones suggests that 15-25% of patients develop biliary colic [17,18] and about 1-2% per year develop symptoms and need abdominal surgery for cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, and gallbladder cancer [19][20][21].…”

Section: The General Prevalence Of Gallstonesmentioning

confidence: 99%