Contribution of retinal neurons to d-wave of primate photopic electroretinograms

Ueno, Shinji; Kondo, Mineo; Ueno, M.; Miyata, Kanji; Terasaki, Hiroko; Miyake, Yoichi

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.05.026

Cited by 59 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[45][46][47] The broadening of the d-wave peak in the focal ERG and the presence of the 3PP in the full-field long ERG in participants with ADOA may be due to contributions from the cone receptor potential and/or depolarizing OFF-bipolar cell responses after light offset, which were unmasked in the relative absence of the negative going PhNR OFF . [48][49][50] The 2PP may be the i OFF -wave described by Horn et al, 51 although in contrast to their results, this study did not record a significant difference in amplitude between controls and participants with ADOA.…”

Section: Comparison Of Focal and Full-field Phnrscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Electrophysiological ON and OFF Responses in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy

Morny

Margrain

Binns

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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METHODS. Twelve participants from six families with OPA1 ADOA and 16 age-matched controls were recruited. Electrophysiological assessment involved pattern ERGs (PERGs), focal (208) and full-field long-duration (250 ms) flash ERGs using a red light-emitting diode flash on a rod-saturating blue background, and full-field brief (300 ls) xenon flash ERGs using a red filter over a continuous rod saturating blue background. Amplitudes and implicit times of the ERG components were analyzed and the diagnostic potential of each electrophysiological technique was determined by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.RESULTS. Mean amplitudes of the N95 and all PhNRs, except the full-field PhNR ON , were significantly reduced in participants with ADOA (P < 0.01). Subtraction of the group-averaged focal ERG of ADOA participants from that of controls showed an equal loss in the focal PhNR ON and PhNR OFF components, whereas in the full-field ERG the loss in the PhNR OFF was greater than that in the PhNR ON component. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for the focal PhNR ON (0.92), focal PhNR OFF (0.95), and full-field PhNR OFF (0.83), were not significantly different from that of the PERG N95 (0.99).CONCLUSIONS. In patients with ADOA, the PhNR ON and PhNR OFF components are nearly symmetrically reduced in the long-duration ERG, suggesting that ON-and OFF-RGC pathways may be equally affected.

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Section: Comparison Of Focal and Full-field Phnrscontrasting

confidence: 86%

Electrophysiological ON and OFF Responses in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy

Morny

Margrain

Binns

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Returning the eye to darkness restores glutamate release, which hyperpolarizes on BPCs, depolarizes off BPCs, and contributes to the "d wave." b and d waves represent combined BPC responses superimposed on field potentials from suppression and restoration of photoreceptor dark current (23). We used 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione to confirm that in the eyes of zebrafish larvae suppression of synaptic transmission leaves only the photoreceptor field potential contribution of the ERG (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow of energy in the outer retina in darkness and in light

Linton

Holzhausen

Babai

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Structural features of neurons create challenges for effective production and distribution of essential metabolic energy. We investigated how metabolic energy is distributed between cellular compartments in photoreceptors. In avascular retinas, aerobic production of energy occurs only in mitochondria that are located centrally within the photoreceptor. Our findings indicate that metabolic energy flows from these central mitochondria as phosphocreatine toward the photoreceptor's synaptic terminal in darkness. In light, it flows in the opposite direction as ATP toward the outer segment. Consistent with this model, inhibition of creatine kinase in avascular retinas blocks synaptic transmission without influencing outer segment activity. Our findings also reveal how vascularization of neuronal tissue can influence the strategies neurons use for energy management. In vascularized retinas, mitochondria in the synaptic terminals of photoreceptors make neurotransmission less dependent on creatine kinase. Thus, vasculature of the tissue and the intracellular distribution of mitochondria can play key roles in setting the strategy for energy distribution in neurons.energy metabolism | phototransduction A significant energy distribution problem can arise from the relative locations of mitochondria, ion pumps, and synapses in neurons. In photoreceptors, ion pumps occupy the intervening space between the centrally located mitochondria and the synaptic terminal. Ion pumping in dark-adapted photoreceptors consumes ∼20× more energy than neurotransmission (1). Therefore, the pumps could intercept all the metabolic energy made by the mitochondria before it can reach the synaptic terminal. In the vascularized retinas of mice, rats, and humans (2-4) this problem is solved by the presence of additional mitochondria in the terminal. However, in the avascular retinas of zebrafish, salamanders, rabbits, and guinea pigs there are no mitochondria in the terminals (2, 4, 5), which creates a need to partition some of the energy made by the central mitochondria into a protected form that can bypass the ion pumps to support the essential energy demands of the synaptic terminal.Energy consumption within retinal photoreceptors is compartmentalized and light-dependent. During illumination, phototransduction and light adaptation consume energy in the outer segment (OS). In darkness, energy is consumed by ion pumps in the inner segment and by glutamate release at the synaptic terminal (1). Energy demands and O 2 consumption are far greater in darkness than in light (1, 6-8).Metabolic energy is distributed in most cells as either ATP or phosphocreatine (PCr). There are 2 isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) in neurons, ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (uMtCK), and brain-type cytoplasmic creatine kinase (CK-B). uMtCK creates PCr from ATP at mitochondria (9), and CK-B can recreate ATP from PCr at sites of energy demand. In this way uMtCK and CK-B can collaborate to transfer metabolic energy between neuronal compartments (10, 11). This paper descr...

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“…3). Because the d-wave is complex with contributions from the offset of the b-wave, the recovery of the cone receptor response as well as the contribution from the HBC [23], further investigations to examine each of these factors in experimental primates with CRAO would be interesting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photopic Negative Response Reflects Severity of Ocular Circulatory Damage after Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

et al. 2009

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Purpose: To determine the relationship of the photopic negative response (PhNR) of the photopic electroretinogram (ERG) with the degree of circulatory disturbances in eyes following central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Methods: The circulatory disturbance was graded as mild (group 1) when the arm-to-retina transmission time was <30 s, moderate (group 2) when the time was >30 s and severe (group 3) when concurrent choroidal circulatory damage was found. For statistical analysis, groups 1, 2 and 3 were scored as 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Photopic ERGs were elicited by either short-flash (SF) or long-flash (LF) stimuli. Results: Both the SF and LF PhNR were significantly reduced in groups 2 and 3. The PhNR amplitude was negatively correlated with the severity of the ocular circulatory disturbances (p = 0.0498, ρ = –0.507 for SF PhNR; p = 0.0050, ρ = –0.750 for LF PhNR). Conclusion: The amplitude of the PhNR became more reduced as the severity of the circulatory disturbances increased in eyes with CRAO.

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Contribution of retinal neurons to d-wave of primate photopic electroretinograms

Cited by 59 publications

References 24 publications

Electrophysiological ON and OFF Responses in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy

Electrophysiological ON and OFF Responses in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy

Flow of energy in the outer retina in darkness and in light

Photopic Negative Response Reflects Severity of Ocular Circulatory Damage after Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

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