Contribution of Leptospira, Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhea virus to fetal loss of beef cattle in New Zealand

Sanhueza, Juan; Heuer, C; West, D.M.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.07.009

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A fixed value of 0.03 and 0.083 was used for the risk of foetal loss and the proportion of foetal losses attributed to Leptospira seropositivity in beef cattle, respectively (Heuer, ; Sanhueza et al, ). A normal distribution of mean USD 126 ( SD USD 42) and truncated in USD 20 were used to simulate the lost profit for each calf not reared in the population due to leptospirosis (Schreurs, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In New Zealand, seropositivity to Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo (Hardjo‐bovis) and Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona (Pomona) is highly prevalent in beef cattle, sheep and deer (Ayanegui‐Alcerreca et al, ; Dreyfus et al, ). Additionally, foetal loss was associated with Hardjo‐bovis and Pomona seropositivity in beef cattle (Sanhueza, Heuer, & West, ), and Pomona seropositivity in one sheep farm (Ridler, Vallee, Corner, Kenyon, & Heuer, ). Furthermore, vaccination trials in deer suggested an economic benefit of immunization against leptospirosis due to increased growth rate and weaning percentage (Subharat, Wilson, Heuer, & Collins‐Emerson, , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of the burden of leptospirosis in New Zealand

Sanhueza

Baker

Benschop

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Background Human leptospirosis mainly affects people in close occupational contact with domestic livestock and their products in New Zealand. The disease has an unquantified impact on both human health and animal production in the country. This study aimed to estimate the burden of leptospirosis in terms of disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) and cost associated with loss due to absence from work, treatment of disease, animal production loss and cost of vaccination. Methods Previously published studies of abattoir workers farmers, and veterinarians, reporting annual risks of influenza‐like illness attributable to Leptospira infection, were used to estimate the expected number of cases in a year. The cost of lost animal production was based on results of observational studies in beef cattle, sheep and deer conducted in New Zealand. Results Expected median annual number of severe and mild cases of human leptospirosis was 2,025 (95% probability interval [95% PI] 1,138–3,422). Median annual DALYs were 0.42 (95% PI: 0.06–2.40) per 100,000 people for the entire population, and 15.82 (95% PI: 2.09–90.80) per 100,000 people working in at‐risk occupations (i.e. abattoir workers, farmers and veterinarians). Human infection resulted in a median cost of 4.42 (95% PI: 2.04–8.62) million US dollars (USD) due to absence from work and disease treatment. Median production loss cost in beef cattle, sheep and deer was USD 7.92 (95% PI: 3.75–15.48) million, while median vaccination cost in cattle, (including dairy), sheep and deer was USD 6.15 (95% PI: 5.30–7.03) million. Total annual cost of leptospirosis plus vaccination was USD 18.80 (95% PI: 13.47–27.15) million, equivalent to USD 440,000 (95% PI: 320,000–640,000) per 100,000 people. Conclusion This study provides an estimate of the disease burden and cost of leptospirosis in New Zealand that could support occupational health authorities and livestock industries in assessing interventions for this disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the burden of leptospirosis in New Zealand

Sanhueza

Baker

Benschop

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Abortion is a rare event that has been associated with Pomona or Hardjo-bovis seropositivity in cattle (Ellis et al, 1982;Sanhueza et al, 2013). Whether abortion occurs may depend on factors such as the infecting serovar and the age of the foetus at the time of infection (Elder et al, 1985;Ellis et al, 1986).…”

Section: Serovarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Leptospira Seropositivity in Beef Cattle, Sheep and Deer Farmers in New Zealand

Sanhueza

Heuer

Wilson

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis that in New Zealand affects primarily people occupationally exposed to livestock. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of five Leptospira serovars in farmers working on cattle, sheep and deer farms that had the serological status of animals previously assessed and to identify risk factors for farmer seropositivity. A total of 178 farmers from 127 properties participated in the study. Blood samples were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of antibodies to Leptospira. Samples with a MAT titre ≥48 were considered seropositive. Using Bayesian statistical analysis, the median seroprevalence of Leptospira, all serovars combined, was estimated to be 6.6% (95% probability interval (PI) 3.6-10.9%). Risk factors associated with seropositivity were assisting deer or cattle calving, farming deer, having ≥25% of flat terrain and high abundance of wild deer on farm, while high possum abundance on farm was negatively associated with seropositivity. No association was observed between farmer serostatus and previously recorded livestock serology. Leptospira seropositivity was associated with influenza-like illness of farmers (RR = 1.7; 95% PI 1.0-2.5). Assuming a causal relationship, this suggested an annual risk of 1.3% (95% PI 0.0-3.0%) of influenza-like illnesses due to Leptospira infection in the population of farmers. The association between seropositivity and disease can be used to estimate the public health burden of leptospirosis in New Zealand. Identifying and understanding risk factors for Leptospira seropositivity can inform preventive measures, hence contributing to the reduction of leptospirosis incidence in farmers.

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“…Strains of Hardjo in some parts of the world are associated with reproductive failure, while in others, most notably Australia and New Zealand they are not; however, new evidence suggests that the situation there is changing (Sanhueza et al 2013). In endemically infected herds, where young stock are exposed to infection before breeding, levels of associated reproductive wastage are very low.…”

Section: Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%