Contribution of Lead from Calcium Supplements to Blood Lead

Gulson, Brian L.; Mizon, Karen J.; Palmer, Jacqueline M.; Korsch, Michael; Taylor, Alan

doi:10.2307/3434697

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…However, both the data for the migrant subjects and for Australian subjects indicate that with suppression of bone resorption during alendronate treatment, diet and other environmental exposures may play an increased role in BPb, perhaps complemented by decreased calcium absorption associated with aging. It is well established that calcium inhibits uptake of lead from the gastrointestinal tract (40,41). Heaney et al (42) have shown there is a gradual decrease in calcium absorption from age 35 onward, accompanied by an additional one-time decrease across menopause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal lead release during bone resorption: effect of bisphosphonate treatment in a pilot study.

Gulson

Mizon

Smith

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Exposure to lead is still an international public health problem, despite major reductions in its use in industrial processes in developed countries (1). The neurotoxic effects of lead in the fetus, neonate, and infant are well recognized (2). The main reservoir of lead within the body is the skeleton and, until recently, lead was considered to be relatively immobile in this compartment. Recent studies using the stable lead isotope fingerprinting method in nonhuman primates (3,4) as well as in humans (5,6) indicate that lead, like calcium, is mobilized from the maternal skeleton and transferred to the fetus and neonate during pregnancy and lactation. Other times of physiologic stress that could result in additional release of lead from the skeleton include menopause (7). In a preliminary assessment of data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III), higher blood lead (BPb) levels were observed in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women (3.9 vs. 2.6 µg/dL), consistent with the increased bone turnover that occurs during the hormonal changes of menopause. Moreover, higher BPb levels were associated with lower bone density in perimenopausal women (8). Similar relationships in BPb and menopause were noted earlier (9). In a study of 903 women 35-64 years of age from Mexico City, the highest BPb levels were observed in women 47-50 years of age, with a mean difference between pre-and postmenopausal women of 0.76 µg/dL (10). These higher blood levels could have significant health implications because increased BPb levels in adults have been correlated with hypertension (11-16), decreased renal function (17), impaired neurocognitive function (18), and Alzheimer disease (19).Antiresorptive agents that inhibit resorption in the bone remodeling process may reduce or even reverse the demineralization process documented during pregnancy and lactation, observed in perimenopausal women (20), and seen in men and women with corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (21). Thus, these agents may have the additional benefit of preventing increases in BPb levels commonly seen in these life stages. During pregnancy, calcium supplementation is associated with lower BPb levels (22-24), although calcium given alone has not been proven to reverse the loss of bone mineral density during pregnancy (24) or in postmenopausal subjects (25). In menopausal women, antiresorptive agents such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and bisphosphonates are capable of preventing loss of bone density (20,25,26). Postmenopausal women taking HRT have been observed to have significantly higher cortical bone lead concentrations than those not taking HRT (27). To our knowledge there have been no prospective studies to document the effect of antiresorptive agents on BPb levels in healthy adults.We performed a pilot study of the effect of a potent bisphosphonate (alendronate) administered over a 6-month period on BPb levels and other markers of bone turnover in healthy pre-and postmenopausal women and men. The aim of this s...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal lead release during bone resorption: effect of bisphosphonate treatment in a pilot study.

Gulson

Mizon

Smith

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Therefore, this behavior may lead to a relatively higher BLL in the 8-year-old children. Gulson et al (2001) reported that there was a minimal gastrointestinal absorption of lead in the presence of calcium (±phosphorus). Therefore, one can implement nutritional interventions to decrease lead absorption.…”

Section: Blood Lead Levels Of Children Living Around Coking Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, one can implement nutritional interventions to decrease lead absorption. It is better for children to receive an adequate amount of calcium in their diets, as calcium has been found to reduce the intestinal absorption of lead (Campbell and Osterhoudt, 2000;Gulson et al, 2001). Children at 9 years, though, did not frequently take potential lead-contained food, they showed a great prone of touching activity and frequent hand-to- mouth behavior to bite and suck objects, and did not routinely wash hands before eating, which would bring about potential lead contamination (Li et al, 2011;Yan et al, 2013), all of these behaviors resulted in the 9-year-old children being at the highest risk of exposure to lead.…”

Section: Blood Lead Levels Of Children Living Around Coking Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For lead toxicity monitoring and the identification of endogenous and exogenous lead exposure, combining with environment media samples, matrixes including deciduous teeth (Gulson et al, , 2004, bone Gulson et al, 2003), urine (Gulson et al, 2000;Manton et al, 2000), and blood (Gulson et al, 2001(Gulson et al, , 2006 were studied. Considering the feasibility of sample collection and analysis in environmental health investigation, whole blood lead level is regarded as the most representative indicator of the current environmental and body lead contamination level (Barbosa et al, 2005;Batariova et al, 2006;Gil et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2009;Yan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children's blood lead around coking plant area

Cao

Duan

Zhao

et al. 2014

Environment International

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Lead exposure in the environment is a major hazard affecting human health, particularly for children. The blood lead levels in the local children living around the largest coking area in China were measured, and the source of blood lead and the main pathways of lead exposure were investigated based on lead isotopic ratios ( 207 Pb/ 206 Pb and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb) in blood and in a variety of media, including food, airborne particulate matter, soil, dust and drinking water. The children's blood lead level was 5.25 (1.59 to 34.36 as range) μg dL −1 , lower than the threshold in the current criteria of China defined by the US Centers for Disease Control (10 μg dL −1 ). The isotopic ratios in the blood were 2.111 ± 0.018 for 208 Pb/ 206 Pb and 0.864 ± 0.005 for 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, similar to those of vegetables, wheat, drinking water, airborne particulate matter, but different from those of vehicle emission and soil/dust, suggesting that the formers were the main pathway of lead exposure among the children. The exposure pathway analysis based on the isotopic ratios and the human health risk assessment showed that dietary intake of food and drinking water contributed 93.67% of total exposed lead. The study further indicated that the coal used in the coking plant is the dominant pollution source of lead in children's blood.

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“…A 2000 study found a median PbB of 11 μg/dL among 35 moonshine consumers versus 2.5 μg/dL in 68 randomly-selected nonmoonshine consumers. Gulson et al (2001b) studied the contribution of lead another group received calcium carbonate, and the last, the control group, received no supplement. The isotopic composition of the supplements differed from that of the subject's blood allowing the investigators to estimate the contribution of the supplements to PbBs.…”

Section: Potential For Human Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Golden Eagle Risk to Lead and Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure: A Review

Herring

Eagles‐Smith

Buck

2017

Journal of Raptor Research

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Contribution of Lead from Calcium Supplements to Blood Lead

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Skeletal lead release during bone resorption: effect of bisphosphonate treatment in a pilot study.

Skeletal lead release during bone resorption: effect of bisphosphonate treatment in a pilot study.

Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children's blood lead around coking plant area

Characterizing Golden Eagle Risk to Lead and Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure: A Review

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