“…AChE is encoded by the ace gene (Kim and Lee 2018). In the class Insecta, two types of ace genes ( ace1 and ace2 ) have been identified in numerous insect species from various orders, including mosquitoes (Weill et al 2002, 2004), moths (Shang et al 2007, Hui et al 2011), butterflies (Li et al 2015), aphids (Li and Han 2002, Nabeshima et al 2003), planthoppers (Kwon et al 2012, Li et al 2012), honeybees (Kim et al 2012b), beetles (Revuelta et al 2011, Wang et al 2017a), cockroaches (Kim et al 2006, 2010), and bugs (Hwang et al 2014, Liu et al 2017a). However, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) , and other fly species in the Cyclorrhapha suborder of Diptera, only a single ace2 gene has been identified (Weill et al 2002, Huchard et al 2006).…”