Contribution of indoor and outdoor environments to PM2.5 personal exposure of children—VESTA study

Gauvin, Stéphanie; Reungoat, P.; Cassadou, Sylvie; Déchenaux, Jacques; Momas, Isabelle; Just, Jocelyne; Zmirou, Denis

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00136-5

Cited by 54 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The presence of mold was common in the study population (23%). As observed previously in the VESTA study (Gauvin et al, 2002), our results also suggest that having animals in the house is a significant source of resuspended particles. The traffic variable was incorporated into the model, but it did not result significant; again the ambient sources on indoor air quality had a minor impact due to population type.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Personal PM 2.5 measurements were higher than indoor and outdoor mean concentrations, as observed in other studies (Rojas-Bracho et al, 2000;Gauvin et al, 2002), and reflect the fact that participants are able to move around the house while being exposed to varying levels of indoor sources. They also reflect participant exposure to their daily activities and the addition of outdoor exposures, either at home or outside it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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Relationship between indoor, outdoor, and personal fine particle concentrations for individuals with COPD and predictors of indoor-outdoor ratio in Mexico city

Cortez‐Lugo

Moreno-Macías

Holguin-Molina

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Relationship between indoor, outdoor, and personal fine particle concentrations for individuals with COPD and predictors of indoor-outdoor ratio in Mexico city

Cortez‐Lugo

Moreno-Macías

Holguin-Molina

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…10,12 Regression models have been constructed to differentiate the contribution of indoor and outdoor sources of PM 2.5 . 13,14 These models have shown that Ͼ40% of personal exposures to particulate matter comes from outdoor sources whether experienced directly while outdoors or from infiltration of particulate matter into the indoor environment. [15][16][17] Another approach is to use a chemical tracer that does not have indoor sources, such as sulfate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Personal Exposure to Fine Particles in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Kim

Sass-Kortsāk

Purdham

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Individuals are exposed to particulate matter from both indoor and outdoor sources. The aim of this study was to compare the relative contributions of three sources of personal exposure to fine particles (PM 2.5 ) by using chemical tracers. The study design incorporated repeated 24-hr personal exposure measurements of air pollution from 28 cardiac-compromised residents of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Each study participant wore the Rupprecht & Patashnick ChemPass Personal Sampling System 1 day a week for a maximum of 10 weeks. During their individual exposure measurement days the subjects reported to have spent an average of 89% of their time indoors. Particle phase elemental carbon, sulfate, and calcium personal exposure data were used in a mixed-effects model as tracers for outdoor PM 2.5 from traffic-related combustion, regional, and local crustal materials, respectively. These three sources were found to contribute 13% Ϯ 10%, 17% Ϯ 16%, and 7% Ϯ 6% of PM 2.5 exposures. The remaining fraction of the personal PM 2.5 is hypothesized to be predominantly related to indoor sources. For comparison, central site outdoor PM 2.5 measurements for the same dates as personal measurements were used to construct a receptor model using the same three tracers. In this case, traffic-related combustion, regional, and local crustal materials were found to contribute 19% Ϯ 17%, 52% Ϯ 22%, and 10% Ϯ 7%, respectively. Our results indicate that the three outdoor PM 2.5 sources considered are statistically significant contributors to personal exposure to PM 2.5 . Our results also suggest that among the Toronto subjects, who spent a considerable amount of time indoors, exposure to outdoor PM 2.5 includes a greater relative contribution from combustion sources compared with outdoor PM 2.5 measurements where regional sources are the dominant contributor.

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“…The quality of home environments depends both on the quality of the atmospheric air that penetrates from outdoors and on the presence of indoor pollution sources (Spengler, 1992;Sega, 1995;Patterson and Eatough, 2000;Gauvin et al, 2002). Modern dwellings are often insulated and characterized by low ventilation rates so that indoor pollutants become less diluted than those outdoor, possibly reaching high concentrations (Bardana, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor exposures and acute respiratory effects in two general population samples from a rural and an urban area in Italy

Simoni

Scognamiglio

Carrozzi

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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A study of indoor air exposures and acute respiratory effects in adults was conducted in the Po Delta (rural) and Pisa (urban) areas of Italy. Indoor exposures were monitored for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and particulate matter o2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) for 1 week during the winter or summer in a total of 421 houses (2/3 in Pisa). Information on house characteristics, subjects' daily activity pattern and presence of acute respiratory symptoms was collected by a standardized questionnaire. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) maneuvers were performed by adult subjects four times daily; maximum amplitude and diurnal variation were taken into account. Indices of NO 2 and PM 2.5 exposures were computed as the product of weekly mean pollutant concentration by the time of daily exposure. Mean levels of pollutants were significantly higher in winter than in summer, regardless of the area. The relationship between exposure indices and acute respiratory symptoms was investigated only in winter. In spite of a slightly lower indoor level in the urban than in the rural area in winter (NO 2 : 15 vs. 22 ppb; PM 2.5 : 67 vs. 76 mg/m 3 ), prevalence rates of acute respiratory symptoms were significantly higher in the urban than in the rural area. Acute respiratory illnesses with fever were significantly associated with indices of NO 2 (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.66; 95% CI ¼ 1.08À2.57) and PM 2.5 exposures (OR ¼ 1.62; 95% CI ¼ 1.04À2.51), while bronchitic/asthmatic symptoms were associated only with PM 2.5 (OR ¼ 1.39; 95% CI ¼ 1.17À1.66). PEF variability was positively related only to PM 2.5 exposure index (OR ¼ 1.38; 95% CI ¼ 1.24À1.54, for maximum amplitude; OR ¼ 1.37; 95% CI ¼ 1.23À1.53, for diurnal variation). In conclusion, indoor pollution exposures were associated with the presence of acute respiratory symptoms and mild lung function impairment in a rural and an urban area of Northern-Central Italy.

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Contribution of indoor and outdoor environments to PM2.5 personal exposure of children—VESTA study

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Relationship between indoor, outdoor, and personal fine particle concentrations for individuals with COPD and predictors of indoor-outdoor ratio in Mexico city

Relationship between indoor, outdoor, and personal fine particle concentrations for individuals with COPD and predictors of indoor-outdoor ratio in Mexico city

Sources of Personal Exposure to Fine Particles in Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Indoor exposures and acute respiratory effects in two general population samples from a rural and an urban area in Italy

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