Contribution of Immunization Weeks toward improving coverage, access to services, and completion of recommended childhood vaccinations in Assam, India

Ryman, Tove K.; Trakroo, Ajay; Ekka, J.B.; Watkins, Margaret

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.084

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This includes the Reaching Every District (RED) micro-planning process strategy developed in 2002 by the WHO, UNICEF and other partners, and successfully used in Africa, India, and other Asian countries [46][47][48][49]. Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs), also referred to as mass-immunization campaigns, employed to improve protection at population levels via increased coverage, or to achieve global elimination goals or contain outbreaks, have also shown value in reducing inequity within populations [1,[50][51][52]. However, while SIAs have shown to be effective in improving uptake, as seen in childhood polio vaccination [53] a proportion of children may still be missed in such activities [54].…”

Section: Reducing Within-country Inequities In Access To Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential sides effects should also be explained versus the benefit of vaccination. General, India [51] Immunization Weeks for the routine vaccines proved successful in increasing coverage and accessing populations in hard-to-reach areas; whereas the routine universal immunization program proved more suitable to ensure that children received all doses of the recommended vaccines Introduction: Joined intervention…”

Section: Implementation Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introducing new vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and approaches

Guignard

Praet

Jusot

et al. 2019

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: The number of new vaccine introductions (NVIs) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) has markedly increased since 2010, raising challenges to often overstretched and underfunded health care systems. Areas covered: We present an overview of some of these challenges, focusing on programmatic decisions, delivery strategy, information and communication, pharmacovigilance and post-licensure evaluation. We also highlight field-based initiatives that may facilitate NVI. Expert commentary: Some new vaccines targeting populations other than infants require alternative delivery strategies. NVIs impact upon existing supply chain management, in particular vaccines with novel characteristics. A lack of understanding about immunization and misconceptions may be detrimental to NVI, as well as insufficient or poorly trained health care workforce. Many barriers exist to achieving good vaccination coverage. Real-world evaluation of vaccine safety, effectiveness and impact in LMICs may be limited by lack of robust demographic and disease epidemiology data, as well as limited health care and surveillance infrastructure. A thorough planning phase is crucial to define the most suitable delivery strategy based on the vaccine's and country's specificities. A communication plan and social mobilization are essential. Implementation research and innovative approaches applied to logistics, delivery, communication and program evaluation can facilitate NVI. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Reducing Within-country Inequities In Access To Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implementation Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing new vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and approaches

Guignard

Praet

Jusot

et al. 2019

Expert Review of Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although vaccination is widely recognized as the most costeffective public health investment and despite huge global investments in the past 40 years, coverage rates have plateaued around 70% in the African Region over the past four years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . Both reported coverages from the WHO-UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF) and administrative coverages are used to coverage data on respective countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Strategy for Reducing Missed Opportunities for Vaccination in Malawi: Implications of a Qualitative Health Facility Assessment

Okeibunor¹,

Ogbuanu

Blanche³

et al. 2018

J Immunological Sci

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Background Missed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs), estimated to be about 32-47% of child healthcare clinic visits in various settings globally, contribute to unfulfilled childhood vaccination coverage targets in the African region. Objective We assessed the extent of MOVs, identify local drivers and test interventions to reduce MOVs in Malawi. Methods We conducted in-depth and key informant interviews with administrators of district hospitals and officers in charge of community health facilities. Focus group discussions were held with health workers and caregivers of children under 24 months of age who received services from study health facilities in Malawi. Coverage rates were collected from the health facility records Results Vaccination is appreciated in the communities, but coverage is generally below targets. In some facilities, reported coverage was less than 50%. Opportunities to provide up-to-date vaccination for children were missed due to lack of awareness and knowledge of health workers and caregivers, attitude and priority of health workers, long waiting time, poor coordination and referral of eligible children by clinicians and nurses and overall lack of a team approach to vaccination perceived as a responsibility of health surveillance assistants. Other notable issues included limited time of caregivers labouring on estate farms, unavailability of vaccines resulting from poorly functioning of cold chain equipment and limited transport and failure to appreciate the impact of MOV on poor immunization coverage. Conclusion Simple, low-cost, pragmatic and community-driven interventions that may reduce MOVs and improve vaccine coverage

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“…In the African Region, like other WHO Regions in the world, childhood vaccine services are delivered primarily through national routine immunization programmes, using national immunization schedules administered at established locations and in fairly regular periods 13,14 . However, given a plethora of logistic, geographical and cultural challenges the routine programmes are unable to realize vaccination or target disease targets supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) such as campaigns have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the polio eradication initiative relied heavily on SIAs, which are usually are intensive, short duration activities designed to provide supplemental doses of a particular vaccine rapidly 13 . Another strategy that uses the campaign mood for providing all the recommended childhood immunizations, which has also become common in recent times, is the Periodic Intensification of Routine Immunization (PIRI) 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-year Experience of African Vaccination Week Implemented by the WHO Regional Office

Okeibunor

Mihigo

Anya

et al. 2018

J Immunological Sci

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The 5 th edition of the African Vaccination Week (AVW) kicked off in Lusaka, Zambia, on 23 April 2016, the same day as did the 4th World Immunization Week (WIW), and vaccination week in other WHO regions. The theme was “Save lives, prevent disabilities, vaccinate!”. The aim was to draw attention to the need to attain universal immunization coverage in the African Region by closing the immunization gap, while also celebrating the important polio eradication milestone reached in the African Region. Twenty-eight (59.6%) of the 47 countries in the African Region celebrated the AVW within the regionally set dates of 24 th to 30 th April 2015. However, given its flexibility, the celebration continued until September in 15 other countries in the Region. Three countries, namely Comoros, Gabon, and Cape Verde did not join the celebration for the 2015 edition of the AVW. Countries used the opportunity to introduce new vaccines into their routine immunization. Populations, hitherto unreached with basic health services were reached with needed services, such as vitamin A supplementation, deworming, and catch up immunization services. The programmes promoted awareness of the benefits of vaccines and the rights of communities to demand vaccines and immunization services to save lives and prevent disabilities. The number of participating countries rose steadily from 40 in 2011 to 43 and 46 countries in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The number ranged from one intervention integrated with AVW in 17 countries to 5 interventions integrated with the AVW in three countries. In 2015, 67.4% of the participating countries integrated other interventions with AVW activities.

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Contribution of Immunization Weeks toward improving coverage, access to services, and completion of recommended childhood vaccinations in Assam, India

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Introducing new vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and approaches

Introducing new vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and approaches

Towards a Strategy for Reducing Missed Opportunities for Vaccination in Malawi: Implications of a Qualitative Health Facility Assessment

Five-year Experience of African Vaccination Week Implemented by the WHO Regional Office

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