Contribution of ghrelin to functional gastrointestinal disorders’ pathogenesis

Koutouratsas, Tilemachos; Kalli, Theodora; Karamanolis, George; Gazouli, Maria

doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.539

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Ghrelin, known as the hunger hormone, is predominantly produced in the stomach (1), but it is also produced in other organs such as the pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal gland, placenta, and pancreas (2,3) as well as the small and large intestines (4). Via binding to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), ghrelin performs multiple physiological functions, including the stimulation of food intake, growth hormone secretion (GH) (5), adiposity (6), gastric motility, acid secretion (7), and insulin secretion inhibition (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Affect the Gut Microbiota and Ghrelin Levels

et al. 2021

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Background: Antibiotic therapy used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori has been associated with changes in plasma ghrelin and alterations in the gut microbiota. On the other hand, changes in ghrelin levels have been related to changes in gut microbiota composition. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between changes in the gut microbiota and ghrelin levels in H. pylori infected patients who received antibiotic treatment for its eradication.Methods: A prospective case-control study that included forty H. pylori-positive patients who received eradication therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin) and twenty healthy H. pylori antigen-negative participants. Patients were evaluated, including clinical, anthropometric and dietary variables, before and 2 months after treatment. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (IlluminaMiSeq).Results: Changes in gut microbiota profiles and decrease in ghrelin levels were identified after H. pylori eradication treatment. Gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Parabacteroides distasonis, and RS045 have been linked to ghrelin levels fasting and/or post meals. Changes in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, its genus Blautia, as well as Prevotella stercorea, and Megasphaera have been inversely associated with changes in ghrelin after eradication treatment.Conclusions: Eradication treatment for H. pylori produces changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and ghrelin levels. The imbalance between lactate producers such as Blautia, and lactate consumers such as Megasphaera, Lachnospiraceae, or Prevotella, could trigger changes related to ghrelin levels under the alteration of the eradication therapy used for H. pylori. In addition, acetate producing bacteria such as B. longum, Bacteroides, and P. distasonis could also play an important role in ghrelin regulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Affect the Gut Microbiota and Ghrelin Levels

et al. 2021

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“…The influence of endogenous ghrelin level on functional gastrointestinal disorders is unclear. There are studies suggesting that functional dyspepsia is associated with the higher level of serum acyl- or des-acyl ghrelin; however, there is a similar number of articles suggesting the opposite relationship between serum level of acyl- or des-acyl ghrelin and incidence of functional dyspepsia [ 68 ].…”

Section: Protective Anti-inflammatory and Healing Effects Of Ghrelin In The Digestive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and Healing Effects of Ghrelin and Risk of Cancer in the Digestive System

Ginter

Ceranowicz

Warzecha

2021

IJMS

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Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the ghrelin receptor, previously known as the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. This hormone is mainly produced by endocrine cells present in the gastric mucosa. The ghrelin-producing cells are also present in other organs of the body, mainly in the digestive system, but in much smaller amount. Ghrelin exhibits a broad spectrum of physiological effects, such as stimulation of growth hormone secretion, gastric secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and food intake, as well as regulation of glucose homeostasis and bone formation, and inhibition of inflammatory processes. This review summarizes the recent findings concerning animal and human data showing protective and therapeutic effects of ghrelin in the gut, and also presents the role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in these effects. In addition, the current data on the possible influence of ghrelin on the carcinogenesis, its importance in predicting the risk of developing gastrointestinal malignances, as well as the potential usefulness of ghrelin in the treatment of cancer, have been presented.

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“…Higher serum ghrelin levels also correlate with disease activity in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease [19]. Ghrelin serum levels have been positively correlated with functional dyspepsia; however, no certain polymorphisms in the GHRL gene have exhibited a significant association with disease state [21]. Ghrelin's serum levels also appear to positively correlate with cyclic vomiting syndrome and infant colic [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin Gene Polymorphisms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

et al. 2020

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Introduction/Objective: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a bowel disorder characterized by pain accompanying defecation or altered bowel habits, divided into diarrhea-predominant, constipation-predominant, and alternating subtypes, whose pathogenesis is considered to include disordered bowel motility. The hormone ghrelin is a growth hormone secretagogue which furthermore affects gastrointestinal motility. We study the association between its genetic polymorphisms and the risk for IBS. Methods: IBS patients meeting the Rome III criteria and controls similar in age and gender were recruited. Whole blood samples were used for genotyping via polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism for the polymorphisms rs34911341, rs696217, and rs2075356. Results: Participants included 142 patients and 209 controls. The rs696217 GG genotype frequency was higher in patients (78.87%) compared to controls (55.5%). The rs696217 GT genotype was significantly less frequent among patients than in controls (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.19–0.52), as was the T allele (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.28–0.66). No significant differences in genotype distribution were found for the rs34911341 and rs2075356 polymorphisms between patients and controls. The genotype frequencies did not significantly differ between IBS subtype groups for any of the polymorphisms studied. Conclusions: The GG and GT genotypes of the rs696217 polymorphism, as well as the G-allele, demonstrate significant association with IBS susceptibility, while the T allele appears to bear a protective effect. Ghrelin’s polymorphisms are plausibly involved in IBS pathogenesis, but do not correlate with any distinct IBS subtype.

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Contribution of ghrelin to functional gastrointestinal disorders’ pathogenesis

Cited by 20 publications

References 99 publications

Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Affect the Gut Microbiota and Ghrelin Levels

Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Affect the Gut Microbiota and Ghrelin Levels

Protective and Healing Effects of Ghrelin and Risk of Cancer in the Digestive System

Ghrelin Gene Polymorphisms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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