Contribution of dietary protein and inorganic sulfur to urinary sulfate: toward a biomarker of inorganic sulfur intake

Magee, Elizabeth; Curno, Richard; Edmond, Laurie M.; Cummings, John H.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.1.137

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This relationship is, however, modulated by unusual dietary patterns, for example, during starvation or on low-protein diets when postprandial urinary sulfate excretion is reduced to a greater extent than urea excretion (74, 97, 118, 119). This suggests that protein restriction results not only in preservation of SAA and replenishment of the nonprotein SAA pool but also complex and tight interconnections between the metabolic pathways of nitrogen and sulfur metabolism to maintain constant plasma concentrations of methionine.…”

Section: Rsi Precursors In the Context Of Intermediary Metabolism Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reactive Species Interactome: Evolutionary Emergence, Biological Significance, and Opportunities for Redox Metabolomics and Personalized Medicine

Cortese‐Krott

Koning

Kuhnle

et al. 2017

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

269

252

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Significance: Oxidative stress is thought to account for aberrant redox homeostasis and contribute to aging and disease. However, more often than not, administration of antioxidants is ineffective, suggesting that our current understanding of the underlying regulatory processes is incomplete.Recent Advances: Similar to reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, reactive sulfur species are now emerging as important signaling molecules, targeting regulatory cysteine redox switches in proteins, affecting gene regulation, ion transport, intermediary metabolism, and mitochondrial function. To rationalize the complexity of chemical interactions of reactive species with themselves and their targets and help define their role in systemic metabolic control, we here introduce a novel integrative concept defined as the reactive species interactome (RSI). The RSI is a primeval multilevel redox regulatory system whose architecture, together with the physicochemical characteristics of its constituents, allows efficient sensing and rapid adaptation to environmental changes and various other stressors to enhance fitness and resilience at the local and whole-organism level.Critical Issues: To better characterize the RSI-related processes that determine fluxes through specific pathways and enable integration, it is necessary to disentangle the chemical biology and activity of reactive species (including precursors and reaction products), their targets, communication systems, and effects on cellular, organ, and whole-organism bioenergetics using system-level/network analyses.Future Directions: Understanding the mechanisms through which the RSI operates will enable a better appreciation of the possibilities to modulate the entire biological system; moreover, unveiling molecular signatures that characterize specific environmental challenges or other forms of stress will provide new prevention/intervention opportunities for personalized medicine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 684–712.

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Section: Rsi Precursors In the Context Of Intermediary Metabolism Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reactive Species Interactome: Evolutionary Emergence, Biological Significance, and Opportunities for Redox Metabolomics and Personalized Medicine

Cortese‐Krott

Koning

Kuhnle

et al. 2017

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

269

252

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“…Sulphur is required to make cysteine, methionine, glutathione and many other sulphur-containing compounds within the body. 29,30 The effects of elemental sulphur on calcium-based stones are mostly unknown. However, convincing evidence exists that the increased sulphate load in kidneys of individuals with high animal protein consumption is associated with an increased risk of stone formation.…”

Section: The Elementome Of Urinary Stonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elementome of calcium-based urinary stones and its role in urolithiasis

et al. 2015

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Urolithiasis affects around 10% of the US population with an increasing rate of prevalence, recurrence and penetrance. The causes for the formation of most urinary calculi remain poorly understood, but obtaining the chemical composition of these stones might help identify key aspects of this process and new targets for treatment. The majority of urinary stones are composed of calcium that is complexed in a crystalline matrix with organic and inorganic components. Surprisingly, mitigation of urolithiasis risk by altering calcium homeostasis has not been very effective. Thus, studies to identify other therapeutic stone-specific targets, using proteomics, metabolomics and microscopy techniques, have been conducted, revealing a high level of complexity. The data suggest that numerous metals other than calcium and many nonmetals are present within calculi at measurable levels and several have distinct distribution patterns. Manipulation of the levels of some of these elemental components of calcium-based stones has resulted in clinically beneficial changes in stone chemistry and rate of stone formation. The elementome—the full spectrum of elemental content—of calcium-based urinary calculi is emerging as a new concept in stone research that continues to provide important insights for improved understanding and prevention of urinary stone disease.

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“…The concentration of Met and Cys in currently consumed plant and animal foodstuffs is described elsewhere . In affluent societies favoring animal products, the daily SAA consumption may be two‐ or three‐fold higher than usual recommendations, implying a large margin of safety in terms of SAA coverage. The turnover of body proteins involves a daily SAA flux of approximately 70 mmol that is generated by intracellular breakdown, thus forming – together with dietary supply – a free pool of about 100 mmol that, as a result of high renal tubular SAA reabsorption rates and negligible urinary losses, is almost entirely recycled during neosynthetic processes .…”

Section: Sulfur In the Animal Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease

Ingenbleek¹,

Kimura

2013

Nutr Rev

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Sulfur is the seventh most abundant element measurable in the human body and is supplied mainly by the intake of methionine (Met), an indispensable amino acid found in plant and animal proteins. Met controls the initiation of protein synthesis, governs major metabolic and catalytic activities, and may undergo reversible redox processes safeguarding protein integrity. Withdrawal of Met from customary diets causes the greatest downsizing of lean body mass following either unachieved replenishment (malnutrition) or excessive losses (inflammation). These physiopathologically unrelated morbidities nevertheless stimulate comparable remethylation reactions from homocysteine, indicating that Met homeostasis benefits from high metabolic priority. Inhibition of cystathionine-β-synthase activity causes the upstream sequestration of homocysteine and the downstream drop in cysteine and glutathione. Consequently, the enzymatic production of hydrogen sulfide and the nonenzymatic reduction of elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide are impaired. Sulfur operates as cofactor of several enzymes critically involved in the regulation of oxidative processes. A combination of malnutrition and nutritional deprivation of sulfur maximizes the risk of cardiovascular disorders and stroke, constituting a novel clinical entity that threatens plant-eating population groups.

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Contribution of dietary protein and inorganic sulfur to urinary sulfate: toward a biomarker of inorganic sulfur intake

Abstract: Twenty-four-hour urinary nitrogen and sulfate values can be used to predict inorganic sulfur intake.

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

The Reactive Species Interactome: Evolutionary Emergence, Biological Significance, and Opportunities for Redox Metabolomics and Personalized Medicine

The Reactive Species Interactome: Evolutionary Emergence, Biological Significance, and Opportunities for Redox Metabolomics and Personalized Medicine

The elementome of calcium-based urinary stones and its role in urolithiasis

Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease

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