Contribution of classical and emerging risk factors to coronary artery disease in Asian Indians

Shanker, Jayashree; Kakkar, Vijay V.

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.012

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The findings described in this paper confirm and extend our knowledge of the dynamics of the present epidemic of CVD in North Indians [38]. The improved socioeconomic conditions in India have resulted in a decrease in physical activity and an increase in obesity, which has led to the increase in the prevalence of CVD and T2DM in urban Indians [16]. The present study subjects depict an unusual clinical picture of uneven distribution of adiposity and dyslipidemia in CAD patients as well as control subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Implications of ACE (I/D) Gene Variants to the Genetic Susceptibility of Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians

Bhatti

Bhatti²,

Vijayvergiya

et al. 2016

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has established substantial attention in the recent years as a candidate gene for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a north Indian population. A total of 662 subjects (330 CAD patients and 332 healthy controls) were examined for association of ACE gene (I/D) polymorphism and environmental risk factors. The mean age of the CAD patients and control subjects was 60.53 ± 8.6 years and 56.55 ± 7.7 years, respectively ( = 0.000). Anthropometric and demographic data showed BMI values significantly higher among CAD patients and control subjects (26.98 ± 4.9 vs 24.04 ± 4.7, = 0.000). We observed pronounced central obesity in both CAD patients and controls, even at the lowest BMI values (<23 kg/m). Dyslipidemia was highly prevalent in CAD patients compared to control subjects. Genotypic data showed significantly higher frequency of DD genotype in CAD patients than that of control subjects (40 vs 28.3 %). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of ID genotypes between CAD patients and control subjects. Logistic regression analysis of data demonstrate that DD genotype was associated with 1.8 fold increased risk of development of CAD in Asian Indians (OR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.22-2.66; = 0.003). The frequency of D allele was significantly higher in CAD patients ( = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the clinical and biochemical characteristics of CAD patients and controls when the data was stratified according to the genotypes of ACE gene. In conclusion, DD genotype of ACE gene may be associated with increased risk of CAD in Asian Indian population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Current studies have also proposed that various risk factors conventionally thought as solely environmental, might have a genetic predisposition [11][12][13][14][15]. The interactions of genetic and modifiable risk factors with each other effect cardiovascular risk [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of ACE (I/D) Gene Variants to the Genetic Susceptibility of Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians

Bhatti

Bhatti²,

Vijayvergiya

et al. 2016

Ind J Clin Biochem

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“…PTX3 may become a potentially powerful inflammatory biomarkers for the CAD [30,31]. It may provide a possibility for early screening of CAD patients independently of all classical risk pathways [32]. PTX3, a novel therapeutic and diagnostic target may provide an actionable opportunity for the precision cardiovascular medicine [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTX3 activates classic complement pathway and mediates phagocytosis of cholesterol-induced apoptotic macrophages in atherosclerosis

Guo¹,

Li²,

Cheng³

2020

Preprint

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Backgrounds/Aims: Apoptotic macrophages are removed by neighboring phagocytes (efferocytosis), which is an important event in advanced atherosclerosis. We reported the long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) located at the membrane of late apoptotic macrophages, mediates efferocytosis in a cell model of advanced atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism underlying PTX3-mediated apoptotic cell clearance in atherogenesis is unclear. Methods: We modeled macrophage apoptosis in advanced plaques by incubating macrophages (peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57 mice) with free cholesterol (free cholesterol-induced apoptotic macrophages, FC-AMs). FC-AMs were added to a monolayer of fresh phagocytes（macrophages） to study the engulfment response. The percentage of phagocytes that ingested FC-AMs was quantified by using confocal microscopy. C1q and C3b were detected by using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and the confocal microscopy. Results: We found that PTX3 significantly enhances complement C1q binding on FC-AMs and was correlated with improved activating of classic complement pathway. C3b was the characteristic component of activating of classic complement pathway, displayed the increased deposition on FC-AMs and mediated the phagocytosis of FC-AMs. This study replicated the role of PTX3-mediated efferocytosis, explored the mechanism of PTX3 involving efferocytosis in detail and provided theoretical evidences for PTX3-mediated cardio-protective functions in atherosclerosis. Conclusion: PTX3 activated classic complement pathway and mediated phagocytosis of cholesterol-induced apoptotic macrophages in atherosclerosis.

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“…Multiple cross-sectional studies reported that AIP was a strong predictor of CAD independent of diabetes [23,24,26]. Notably, the Indian Atherosclerosis Research Study revealed that addition of AIP and family history to traditional risk factors improved risk discrimination (C-index: from 0.864 to 0.873) in Asian Indians with CAD [19]. Intriguingly, Frohlich J, et al found that AIP was an independent predictor of angiographically de ned CAD only when FER(HDL) was omitted from multivariate analysis, which may be due to a clear internal correlation between AIP and FER(HDL) [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, we presume that AIP can better re ect the lipid characteristics of diabetic patients. Recently, AIP has been demonstrated to be associated with CV morbidity and mortality in general population and different patients groups [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, the prognostic impact of AIP on admission among T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI has not been exclusively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic impact of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The association of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), an emerging lipid index which can predict risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease, with adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been undetermined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether AIP could independently predict adverse CV events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of a single-centre prospective registry involving 826 consecutive T2DM patients who underwent primary or elective PCI for ACS at our CV center from June 2016 to November 2017. This study eventually included 798 patients (age, 61±10 years, male, 72.7%). AIP was calculated as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma concentration of triglycerides to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). All patients were divided into 4 groups based on the AIP quartiles. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal ischemic stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or unplanned repeat revascularization. The key secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal ischemic stroke, or non-fatal MI.Results: During a median follow-up period of 927 days, 198 patients developed at least one event. An unadjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis showed the incidence of the primary endpoint increased gradually with rising AIP quartiles (log-rank test, P =0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that compared with the lowest AIP quartile, the top AIP quartile was associated with significantly increased risk for the primary and key secondary endpoints (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.153; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.355 to 3.421; P =0.001, and HR: 2.613; 95% CI: 1.024 to 6.666; P =0.044, respectively). Inclusion of AIP quartiles in a baseline prediction model for the primary endpoint increased the Harrell’s C statistic from 0.697 to 0.707. More importantly, addition of AIP quartiles to the above model significantly improved the continuous net reclassification improvement (continuous NRI =19.1%, P <0.001).Conclusions: A higher AIP value on admission was independently and strongly associated with adverse CV events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.

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Contribution of classical and emerging risk factors to coronary artery disease in Asian Indians

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Implications of ACE (I/D) Gene Variants to the Genetic Susceptibility of Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians

Implications of ACE (I/D) Gene Variants to the Genetic Susceptibility of Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians

PTX3 activates classic complement pathway and mediates phagocytosis of cholesterol-induced apoptotic macrophages in atherosclerosis

Prognostic impact of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

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