Contribution of Caffeine to the Psychostimulant, Neuroinflammatory and Neurotoxic Effects of Amphetamine-Related Drugs

Frau, Lucia; Simola, Nicola; Morelli, Micaela

doi:10.1089/jcr.2013.0007

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…To the extent that caffeine is experienced as increasingly rewarding, the use of substances to regulate mood in general may be reinforced. This mechanism is particularly concerning for youth who are experimenting with new substances, as caffeine use may potentiate the rewarding effects of the new substance and lead to escalation and chronic problems . In that regard, early caffeine consumption could serve to increase the use of nicotine, alcohol and substances in general .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does early exposure to caffeine promote smoking and alcohol use behavior? A prospective analysis of middle school students

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does early exposure to caffeine promote smoking and alcohol use behavior? A prospective analysis of middle school students

et al. 2018

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“…This is quite predictable when considering the combination of mechanisms of action mentioned above, particularly the direct and indirect effects on dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, as reviewed by Frau et al 6 in this issue, there is strong experimental evidence, which also indicates that caffeine potentiates the acute toxic effects of amphetamine-related drugs, such as seizures, hyperthermia, and tachycardia. The relevance of these interactions remains to be determined, but it should be alarming in view of the popularity of these drug associations and the fact that those toxic effects are an important determinant of the fatalities associated with amphetamine-related drug intake.…”

Section: Journal Of Caffeine Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

Caffeine and Substance Use Disorders

Ferré

2013

Journal of Caffeine Research

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affeine is the most consumed psychoactive drug in the world. As a psychostimulant, it shows all the pharmacological properties of classical psychostimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamine. Those properties include arousal, motor activation, and reinforcing effects. Nevertheless, those effects are milder for caffeine, which depends on its unique mechanism of action, adenosine receptor antagonism. Classical psychostimulants produce a direct potentiation of central dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotoninergic neurotransmission, by acting on catecholamine and serotonin transporters. Caffeine, instead, indirectly activates those and several other ascending neurotransmitter systems (cholinergic, histaminergic, and orexinergic) by removing an inhibitory presynaptic adenosinergic tone, mediated by the effect of endogenous adenosine on adenosine A 1 receptors. Caffeine-induced modulation of the dopaminergic system also depends on postsynaptic mechanisms that depend on assemblies of adenosine and dopamine receptors (A 1 -D 1 and A 2A -D 2 receptor heteromers) (for review see Ref. 1).The same as for classical psychostimulants, the effects of caffeine on the dopaminergic system are largely responsible for its relatively mild motor activating and reinforcing effects.1 However, it has been difficult to definitively show a psychostimulant-like biochemical profile of caffeine in the experimental animal. The hallmark of that profile is a significant increase in the striatal extracellular concentration of dopamine, and this has only been clearly seen in a distinct region of the ventral striatum.1 In this issue, Ferre et al. 2 review recent results that indicate that paraxanthine, the main metabolite of caffeine in man, produces stronger motor activating effects and a more significant striatal dopamine-releasing effect than caffeine. This unique pharmacological profile of paraxanthine depends on an additional selective mechanism, other than adenosine receptor antagonism: inhibition of cGMP-preferring phosphodiesterases. These results open up the possibility that a part of the reinforcing effects of caffeine might depend on paraxanthine, which can reach significant plasma levels upon chronic caffeine intake.The overwhelming caffeine consumption all over the world basically demonstrates its reinforcing effects. Several epidemiological studies indicate that regular caffeine intake creates dependence, which in part depends on withdrawal symptoms. But should we consider caffeine as a drug with potential abuse liability? Researchers and clinicians have been debating about the addictive potential and clinical importance of caffeine use. In this issue, Budney et al.3 present the results of a survey among addiction professionals (members of six clinical/scientific organizations that focus on addiction) about the clinical importance of caffeine withdrawal and dependence. The survey indicates that most professionals believe that caffeine withdrawal and dependence exist and are clinically relevant. However, there was no consensus about t...

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“…Caffeine is a psychoactive pharmaceutical that influences the cardiovascular system via positive inotropic (alteration of the heart's muscular contraction energy) and chronotropic (change in heart rate) effects (Cappelletti et al, 2014). Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system (Ardais et al, 2014; Xu et al, 2015) and interacts with other psychoactive compounds, impacting behavioral parameters (e.g., Frau et al, 2013). Although it is primarily ingested as a beverage, caffeine is also used as a treatment for Type 2 diabetes and weight loss (Bhupathiraju et al, 2014; Icken et al, 2015) and is combined with aspirin, paracetamol, and ergotamine in treatments for migraine headaches (Ong & de Felice, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The photolytic breakdown of caffeine and paracetamol residues in surface water

Alhassen

Dyer

2023

Water Environment Research

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High concentrations of the most consumed pharmaceuticals, caffeine and paracetamol, have been observed globally in wastewater treatment plant discharge. Here, we assess the potential for photodegradation of caffeine and paracetamol residues at concentrations like those observed in treated wastewater discharges to the environment. Laboratory assays were used to measure rates of photodegradation of these two compounds both in distilled water and in natural river water with leaf litter leachate. When exposed to artificial light simulating natural sunlight, the half‐life values of caffeine and paracetamol were significantly shorter than in the dark. The presence of organic matter increased caffeine and paracetamol half‐life by lessening the photolytic effect. These results suggest that photolysis is a substantial contributor to the degradation of caffeine and paracetamol. The findings contribute to our understanding of persistence of pharmaceuticals in treated wastewater discharge.Practitioner Points The photodegradation of caffeine and paracetamol residues in surface water was examined. With leaf litter leachate, caffeine and paracetamol were photodegraded in distilled and natural river water in laboratory. Caffeine's half‐life ranged from 2.3 to 16.2 days under artificial sunlight andparacetamols from 4.3 to 12.2 days. When incubated in the dark, the half‐life for both compounds exceeded 4 weeks. Organic matter decreased the photolytic action of caffeine and paracetamol.

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Contribution of Caffeine to the Psychostimulant, Neuroinflammatory and Neurotoxic Effects of Amphetamine-Related Drugs

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

Does early exposure to caffeine promote smoking and alcohol use behavior? A prospective analysis of middle school students

Does early exposure to caffeine promote smoking and alcohol use behavior? A prospective analysis of middle school students

Caffeine and Substance Use Disorders

The photolytic breakdown of caffeine and paracetamol residues in surface water

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