Contribution of adsorption and partition to the separation mechanism in gel chromatography on inorganic carriers

Bakos, D; Bleha, Tomáš; Ozimá, A.; Berek, D.

doi:10.1002/app.1979.070230802

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Due to partial miscibility of most liquids, which results in the "column bleeding", this kind of phase systems was practically abandoned in the liquid chromatography of small molecules soon after introduction of the high performance procedures. A quasi-stationary liquid phase for the enthalpic partition may be formed by a layer of the mixed mobile phase adsorbed on the surface of a solid column packing [29]. Due to preferential sorption effects, this layer has usually an altered composition compared to eluent.…”

Section: S-48mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and enthalpic partition retention mechanisms in liquid chromatography of non-charged synthetic polymers

Berek

2003

Chromatographia

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SummaryAdsorption and enthalpic partition processes in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of macromolecules are qualitatively described and compared. These k, vo similar but not identical HPLC retention mechanisms result from enthalpic interactions bek, veen polymer sample and column packing, which are in different ways affected by interactions bek, veen eluent and column packing, and bek, veen eluent and sample. The understanding of basic principles of adsorption and enthalpic partition retention mechanisms in polymer HPLC may facilitate the suppression of their unwanted effects, as well as their appropriate coupling with the exclusion retention mechanism. The goal is an easy selection of suitable column packing, mobile phase, and temperature of system to attain desired separation and molecular characterization of particular complex polymer sample. The tailored coupling of enthalpic and entropic retention mechanisms with exclusion allows to either reduce or enhance separation selectivity of polymer species according to their molar masses. In the former case, macromolecules can be separated (practically) irrespectively of their molar mass in terms of other molecular characteristics, namely their chemical structure or physical architecture. On the contrary, increased selectivity of separation in terms of sample molar mass enables improving both the accuracy and speed of analysis. "Flower-like" enthalpic interactions of macromolecules in narrow pores may substantially affect the sample retention.

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Section: S-48mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and enthalpic partition retention mechanisms in liquid chromatography of non-charged synthetic polymers

Berek

2003

Chromatographia

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“…The differentiation of Equation (2) and (5) and the substitution in Equation (4), yields for the elastic chemical potential of the solvent:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Swelling and Crosslinking Degrees in Two Organic Gel Packings for SEC

Garcı́a

Recalde

Figueruelo

et al. 2001

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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The elution behavior of different solvent/polymer systems has been studied by means of size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) in two organic column packings based on polystyrene/divinylbenzene (PS/DVB) copolymer, named μ‐styragel and TSK‐Gel HHR. Both packings offer similar characteristics (pore size, particle size, efficiency) but some differences arise when eluting the same systems. The different elution behavior observed in both polymeric gels has been analyzed in terms of their swelling and crosslinking degrees. To evaluate the magnitude of these parameters, a new equation is proposed which has been derived from the Flory‐Huggins theory of swelling equilibrium, and takes into account binary and ternary thermodynamic interaction functions. The equation appropriately predicts the experimental results, showing that the gel that exhibits more solute‐packing attractive interactions (or adsorption as secondary mechanism) is also the one with the highest crosslinking degree or lowest swelling ratio. In this sense, the μ‐styragel column was the most crosslinked polymer network. In addition, the influence of solvent nature, polymer nature, and solute composition on the observed swelling degree has also been compared in both packings.

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“…However, recent work has shown that pure, entropycontrolled size exclusion occurs in far fewer cases than previously thought, especially for small molecules (26)(27)(28)(29)(30), and that a completely satisfactory elucidation of the SEC mechanism has yet to be demonstrated. So, in the light of these studies, the classical definition of size-dependent elution will have to be considered somewhat arbitrary in the absence of rigorous thermodynamic evidence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multimode separation of polycyclic aromatic compounds by size exclusion chromatography with poly(divinylbenzene)

Lafleur¹,

Wornat²

1988

Anal. Chem.

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The separation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with a poly(dlvlnylbenzene) column and dichloromethane mobile phase was found to be governed by both size-dependent and nonsize effects. The elution of nonplanar PAC substituted with alkyl, phenyl, or electron-withdrawing groups was governed by both effects but generally proceeded In order of decreasing molecular weight. On the other hand, planar PAC demonstrated a pronounced nonsize effect whose strength varied Inversely w|th Ionization potential. PAC separated Into two basic groups: planar and nonplanar. In addition, planar PAC eluted In three groups: (1) cataannelated PAC, (2) simple perlcondensed PAC, and (3) highly perlcondensed PAC.

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Contribution of adsorption and partition to the separation mechanism in gel chromatography on inorganic carriers

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Adsorption and enthalpic partition retention mechanisms in liquid chromatography of non-charged synthetic polymers

Adsorption and enthalpic partition retention mechanisms in liquid chromatography of non-charged synthetic polymers

Quantitative Evaluation of the Swelling and Crosslinking Degrees in Two Organic Gel Packings for SEC

Multimode separation of polycyclic aromatic compounds by size exclusion chromatography with poly(divinylbenzene)

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