Contribution of Accelerated Body Masses to Able-Bodied Gait

Gillet, Christophe; Duboy, J.; Barbier, Franck; Armand, Stéphane; Jeddi, Ridha; Lepoutre, F.; Allard, Paul

doi:10.1097/00002060-200302000-00004

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The human trunk accounts for more than 50% of total body mass; hence, trunk orientation has a significant effect on the position of the CoM and human locomotion (de Leva, 1996;Gillet et al, 2003;Leteneur et al, 2009). The trunk stabilization, basically the task of balancing an unstable inverted pendulum standing on the hip (Maus et al, 2010), is an important task in human locomotion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing trunk flexion morphs human leg function into that of birds despite different leg morphology

Aminiaghdam

Rode

Müller

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Pronograde trunk orientation in small birds causes prominent intra-limb asymmetries in the leg function. As yet, it is not clear whether these asymmetries induced by the trunk reflect general constraints on the leg function regardless of the specific leg architecture or size of the species. To address this, we instructed 12 human volunteers to walk at a self-selected velocity with four postures: regular erect, or with 30 deg, 50 deg and maximal trunk flexion. In addition, we simulated the axial leg force (along the line connecting hip and centre of pressure) using two simple models: spring and damper in series, and parallel spring and damper. As trunk flexion increases, lower limb joints become more flexed during stance. Similar to birds, the associated posterior shift of the hip relative to the centre of mass leads to a shorter leg at toe-off than at touchdown, and to a flatter angle of attack and a steeper leg angle at toe-off. Furthermore, walking with maximal trunk flexion induces right-skewed vertical and horizontal ground reaction force profiles comparable to those in birds. Interestingly, the spring and damper in series model provides a superior prediction of the axial leg force across trunk-flexed gaits compared with the parallel spring and damper model; in regular erect gait, the damper does not substantially improve the reproduction of the human axial leg force. In conclusion, mimicking the pronograde locomotion of birds by bending the trunk forward in humans causes a leg function similar to that of birds despite the different morphology of the segmented legs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing trunk flexion morphs human leg function into that of birds despite different leg morphology

Aminiaghdam

Rode

Müller

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Mechanical loads among tissues in/surrounding the spine are influenced by forces arising from gravity, inertia, and externally applied loads, as well as internal forces produced by ligaments and muscle contractions. Of particular interest here, the trunk (+ head and arms) accounts for nearly two thirds of total body mass (Winter, 1990), and as such even small displacements of the trunk center of mass can substantially alter muscular demands and joint reaction loads throughout the body (Gillet et al, 2003). For persons with unilateral LEA, increased and asymmetric trunk movements during locomotion have been observed (Cappozzo et al, 1982;Goujon-Pillet et al, 2008;Jaegers et al, 1995;Michaud et al, 2000;Tura et al, 2010), and which have been suggested to result from a neuromuscular/movement strategy that uses trunk weight/ inertia to assist with forward progression and/or stabilizing the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional joint reaction forces and moments at the low back during over-ground walking in persons with unilateral lower-extremity amputation

Hendershot

Wolf

2014

Clinical Biomechanics

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Background: Abnormal mechanics of locomotion following lower-extremity amputation are associated with increases in trunk motion, which in turn may alter loads at the low back due to changes in inertial and gravitational demands on the spine and surrounding trunk musculature. Methods: Over-ground gait data were retrospectively compiled from two groups walking at similar self-selected speeds (~1.35 m/s): 40 males with unilateral lower-extremity amputation (20 transtibial, 20 transfemoral) and 20 able-bodied male controls. Three-dimensional joint reaction forces and moments at the low back (L5/S1 spinal level) were calculated using top-down and bottom-up approaches. Peak values and the timings of these were determined and compared between and within (bilaterally) groups, and secondarily between approaches. Findings: Peak laterally-directed joint reaction forces and lateral bend moments increased with increasing level of amputation, and were respectively 83% and 41% larger in prosthetic vs. intact stance among persons with transfemoral amputation. Peak anteriorly-directed reaction forces and extension moments were 31% and 55% larger, respectively, among persons with transtibial amputation compared to controls. Peak vertical reaction forces and axial twist moments were similar between and within groups. Peak joint reaction forces and moments were larger (3-14%), and the respective timing of these sooner (11-62 ms), from the bottom-up vs. top-down approach. Interpretation: Increased and asymmetric peak reaction forces and moments at the low back among persons with unilateral lower-extremity amputation, particularly in the frontal plane, suggest potential mechanistic pathways through which repeated exposure to altered trunk motion and spinal loading may contribute to low-back injury risk among persons with lower-extremity amputation.

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“…In those studies, the main parameters investigated were the weightbearing asymmetry [6,7,12,14], knee motion [9,13,14], knee angular velocity [6,12], and knee and hip joint moments [9,13,14]. These studies found that patients with advanced knee OA or following a TKA had a greater weight-bearing asymmetry [6,7,12,14], a decrease of hip and knee joint moments [12,16,17] and a decrease in knee angular velocity [6,12] on the affected side compared with the healthy elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trunk is the heaviest segment of the body and has the largest contribution to forward movement [16]. In addition, altered lower-limb kinetics during STS has previously been associated with modification of upper-body position [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%