Contribution of a straw bedding to digestible nutrient intake of pigs fed diets based on either native or pregelatinized potato starch

Staals, S.T.M.; Bolhuis, J.E.; Brand, H. van den; Gerrits, W.J.J.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.098

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…As it has been found that volatile fatty acid (VFA) absorption increased up to 21 to 28 days following intake of a high-cellulose diet in growing pigs (Giusi-Perier et al, 1989), the difference in length of the adaptation period could partly explain the discrepancy between the current and other studies in ME resulting from straw intake. In addition, effects of straw intake on the utilisation of other dietary components cannot be excluded (see Staals et al, 2007). The manner and form in which the straw was provided may be important in this respect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fermentable starch and straw-enriched housing on energy partitioning of growing pigs

Bolhuis

Brand

Staals³

et al. 2008

Animal

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Both dietary fermentable carbohydrates and the availability of straw bedding potentially affect activity patterns and energy utilisation in pigs. The present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of straw bedding and fermentable carbohydrates (native potato starch) on energy partitioning in growing pigs. In a 2 3 2 factorial arrangement, 16 groups of 12 pigs (approximately 25 kg) were assigned to either barren housing or housing on straw bedding, and to native or pregelatinised potato starch included in the diet. Pigs were fed at approximately 2.5 times maintenance. Nitrogen and energy balances were measured per group during a 7-day experimental period, which was preceded by a 30-day adaptation period. Heat production and physical activity were measured during 9-min intervals. The availability of straw bedding increased both metabolisable energy (ME) intake and total heat production (P , 0.001). Housing conditions did not affect total energy retention, but pigs on straw bedding retained more energy as protein (P , 0.01) and less as fat (P , 0.05) than barren-housed pigs. Average daily gain (P , 0.001), ME intake (P , 0.001) and energy retention (P , 0.01) were lower in pigs on the native potato starch diet compared to those on the pregelatinised potato starch diet. Pigs on the pregelatinised potato starch diet showed larger fluctuations in heat production and respiration quotient over the 24-h cycle than pigs on the native potato starch diet, and a higher activity-related energy expenditure. The effect of dietary starch type on activity-related heat production depended, however, on housing type (P , 0.05). In barren housing, activity-related heat production was less affected by starch type (16.1% and 13.7% of total heat production on the pregelatinised and native potato starch diet, respectively) than in strawenriched housing (21.1% and 15.0% of the total heat production on the pregelatinised and native potato starch diet, respectively). In conclusion, the present study shows that the availability both of straw bedding and of dietary starch type, fermentable or digestible, affects energy utilisation and physical activity of pigs. The effects of housing condition on protein and fat deposition suggest that environmental enrichment with long straw may result in leaner pigs. The lower energy expenditure on the physical activity of pigs on the native potato starch diet, which was the most obvious in straw-housed pigs, likely reflects a decrease in foraging behaviour related to a more gradual supply of energy from fermentation processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of provision of straw bedding and fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism are reported in the current paper. The effects on behaviour, straw intake and intestinal weight are reported elsewhere Staals et al, 2007;Bolhuis et al, in preparation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of fermentable starch and straw-enriched housing on energy partitioning of growing pigs

Bolhuis

Brand

Staals³

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…The better post-weaning performance of enriched pigs may, apart from resulting from an enhanced development of feeding-related behaviors, also reflect increased adaptability of piglets reared in enriched conditions to stressful processes such as weaning (63,73). However, it has been shown that post-weaning environmental enrichment alone, irrespective of preweaning housing, also improves performance and health of newly weaned piglets (73), which may be mediated by preserving gut functioning [e.g., (74,75)], either through intake of substrates or through stress reduction [e.g., (51,76)].…”

Section: Effects Of Enrichment Before the Switchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Early and Current Environmental Enrichment on Behavior and Growth in Pigs

et al. 2020

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Enriched environments are known to beneficially affect the behavior of pigs, as compared with barren pens. The influence of enrichment may, however, depend on pigs' early life housing experiences. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of early and later life environmental enrichment on behavior and growth in pigs with different coping styles. Pigs were housed in either barren pens or in larger pens enriched with rooting substrates from birth, and half of them experienced a housing switch, i.e., a loss or gain of enrichment, at 7 weeks of age, creating four treatment groups. Home pen behavior and body weight were recorded until 19 weeks of age. Pigs were classified as reactive or proactive based on a backtest at 2 weeks of age. Enrichment increased time spent exploring, chewing, and play and decreased oral manipulation of penmates and pen-directed exploring and chewing. Behavior of pigs that switched from barren to enriched pens or vice versa reflected not only their actual environment, but also their early life housing. As early and later life enrichment affected most behaviors in opposite directions, effects of enrichment, or lack thereof, after the switch were more pronounced in pigs that had experienced a different early life condition. For instance, pigs experiencing an upgrade from barren to enriched pens seemed to "catch-up" by showing more exploration and play. Conversely, pigs exposed to a downgrade displayed more oral manipulation of penmates than ones kept barren throughout, which particularly held for pigs with a reactive coping style. Effects of early life and current housing on several other behaviors depended on coping style too. Pigs housed in enriched conditions appeared better able to cope with weaning than barren housed pigs, as they gained more weight and had higher feed intake post-weaning. Barren housed pigs had a lower body weight than enriched pigs just before the switch, after which growth was mainly determined by actual housing, with enriched kept pigs having a higher feed intake and body weight. Thus, not only current housing conditions, but also a (mis)match with the early life environment may affect behavior and growth of pigs.

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“…These effects of enrichment are likely due to a reduction in weaning stress by providing distraction Day et al, 2002;Bolhuis et al, 2005aBolhuis et al, , 2006Dudink et al, 2006), though it is not unlikely that ingestion of straw helped prevent gastro-intestinal problems in the early postweaning period. While straw intake is an insignificant source of energy (Schrama and Bakker, 1999), it may have affected the utilization of other dietary components (Staals et al, 2007). In addition, fibres and microbiota in the enrichment may have had a stimulating effect on saliva production, intestinal cell turnover and maturation of the intestine, which may have contributed to an improved gut health in pigs housed in enriched pens (Jin et al, 1994;Pluske et al, 1997;McCracken et al, 1999;Popowics and Herring, 2006;Pluske et al, 2007).…”

Section: Effects Of Enrichment On Coping With Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating ‘learning from mom how to eat like a pig’ to improve welfare of piglets around weaning

Oostindjer¹,

Kemp²,

Brand³

et al. 2014

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Contribution of a straw bedding to digestible nutrient intake of pigs fed diets based on either native or pregelatinized potato starch

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of fermentable starch and straw-enriched housing on energy partitioning of growing pigs

Effects of fermentable starch and straw-enriched housing on energy partitioning of growing pigs

Effects of Early and Current Environmental Enrichment on Behavior and Growth in Pigs

Facilitating ‘learning from mom how to eat like a pig’ to improve welfare of piglets around weaning

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