Contributing to the Revolution of Electrolyte Systems via In Situ Polymerization at Different Scales: A Review

Abstract

Solid‐state batteries have become the most anticipated option for compatibility with high‐energy density and safety. In situ polymerization, a novel strategy for the construction of solid‐state systems, has extended its application from solid polymer electrolyte systems to other solid‐state systems. This review summarizes the application of in situ polymerization strategies in solid‐state batteries, which covers the construction of polymer, the formation of the electrolyte system, and the design of the full cell. For the polymer skeleton, multiple components and structures are being chosen. In the construction of solid polymer electrolyte systems, the choice of initiator for in situ polymerization is the focus of this review. New initiators, represented by lithium salts and additives, are the preferred choice because of their ability to play more diverse roles, while the coordination with other components can also improve the electrical properties of the system and introduce functionalities. In the construction of entire solid‐state battery systems, the application of in situ polymerization to structure construction, interface construction, and the use of separators with multiplex functions has brought more possibilities for the development of various solid‐state systems and even the perpetuation of liquid electrolytes.

Interface Engineering of MOF-Derived Co3O4@CNT and CoS2@CNT Anodes with Long Cycle Life and High-Rate Properties in Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…In particular, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used because of their long cycle life, environmental friendliness, and lack of memory effect. However, there are a number of problems with current LIBs, including nonuniform distribution of lithium resources, poor rate performance, and low theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mAh g –1 ). − Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered more suitable than LIBs to be used in large-scale energy storage facilities due to their abundant sodium resources and similar ion storage mechanisms. However, due to the large radius of sodium ions ( R = 1.02 nm), it is difficult to intercalate sodium ions into commercial graphite, and the development of SIBs is still hampered by the slow reaction kinetics of their anode materials. − Therefore, new anode materials with excellent electrochemical properties are desperately needed for both LIBs and SIBs.…”

In situ synthesis of cross-linking gel polymer electrolyte for lithium metal batteries

“…Commonly employed preparation methods for SPE include casting method [9,10], phase inversion method [11,12], and electro-spinning method [13,14]. However, these ex situ methods possibly lead to significant interfacial gaps between electrodes and electrolytes in batteries [15,16]. It will generate large interfacial impedance and severely affect the electrochemical performance.…”