Contributing factors to the total fertility rate declining trend in the Middle East and North Africa: a systemic review

Abstract

Background The total fertility rate (TFR) in the Middle East and North Africa has experienced a declining trend in recent years. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to provide a clear picture of the most critical factors affecting the TFR decline in this region. Methods This study was a systematic review between the years 2000 and 2016. The different databases like Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct and the Google Scholar search engine were used. At first, 270 articles and then 18 articles were selected and meticulously read for the final analysis. Results The results indicated a declining trend in the TFR in the Middle East and North Africa, as in other parts of the world. Regarding the causes of this declining trend, several factors were identified and categorized into five main factors of health care-related, cultural, economic, social, and political. Conclusions While taking advantage of the experiences, it is necessary to identify the five main factors and their related issues and hence consider them in the population policy-making.

A second demographic transition in Indonesia?

“…Relative to the demographic experiences in other Southeast Asian countries such as the Philippines and other countries in West and East Asia, Indonesia provides an important empirical and theoretical case to examine the applicability of the SDT beyond the context of the West. On the surface, Indonesia’s experience with fertility decline is relatively similar to the experience in other Muslim-majority countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, where countries like Egypt, Iran and Turkey have reached below replacement fertility levels (see Pourreza et al, 2021 ). As the nation with the world’s largest Muslim population, the socio-political, cultural, and religious contexts of demographic change in Indonesia are particularly of interest to this special issue; and even more so in light of Lesthaeghe’s recent suggestion that the absence of major cultural shifts and the persistently high share of women with low education in countries with a Muslim or Hindu tradition are factors that inhibit the increase in cohabitation—one marked feature of the SDT (Lesthaeghe, 2020 ).…”

The Effect of Family Fertility Support Policies on Fertility, Their Contribution, and Policy Pathways to Fertility Improvement in OECD Countries

“…Thus, a number of factors need to be taken into account to increase fertility (Aboulghasem, P.; Ahmad, S.; Mostafa, A.-R.; Rahim, K.-Z. ; Jafari, H (2021) [ 27 ]).…”

Karakteristik Sosiodemografi, Perilaku Fertilitas Dan Preferensi Fertilitas Pada Wanita Usia Subur

“…BKKBN (2020) lebih lanjut menyatakan bahwa selama lima tahun terakhir, TFR mengalami penurunan dari 2,41 anak per WUS (wanita usia subur) 15-49 tahun (SP 2010), menjadi 2,40 (SDKI 2017), dan data terakhir menunjukkan pada angka menjadi 2,38 (Survei RPJMN/SKAP 2018). Pourreza et al, (2021), menyatakan bahwa berbagai artikel menekankan peran faktor sosial dalam penurunan TFR. Di antara faktor sosial ini, faktor peningkatan urbanisasi, peningkatan pendidikan (terutama perempuan dan anak perempuan), pemberdayaan perempuan, tingginya tingkat migrasi, dan penurunan pernikahan dini dihapuskan.…”