Contrasts of nitrapyrin, dicyandiamide, and iso‐butylidene diurea effects on total inorganic soil nitrogen

Abstract

While much research has been done with nitrification inhibitors, little information exists on their effects on total inorganic soil nitrogen (N) (TISN) (NH 4 + -N + NO 3 --N). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin) and dicyandiamide (DCD) on TISN concentrations and to compare the effects of the nitrification inhibitors with those of IBDU, a slow release N source. Effects of the three N-amendments were compared in soil planted to potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic). Treatments were combinations of N at 67, 134, and 202 kg/ha; and five N-amendments, nitrapyrin at 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha, DCD at 5.6 and 11.2 kg/ha, and isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) applied as one-third of fertilizer N. Studies were conducted on an Arenic ochraqualf, a Grossarenic Paleudult, and a Grossarenic Paleaquult. Concentrations of TISN were influenced by nitrapyrin rate in five of sixteen year-location-sampling date combinations. Of the five, all involved interactions with N rate effects. With two of these five, TISN concentration was increased by an increase in nitrapyrin rate with 67 kg N/ha, with one other, TISN concentration was decreased with an increase in nitrapyrin rate with 67 kg N/ha. Differences between nitrapyrin and DCD in their effects on TISN were few. Thus, 547

Pronitridine Nitrification Inhibitor With Urea Ammonium Nitrate for Corn

“…This could be because spring conditions generally were wet (Table 3), gaseous N losses in claypan soils as high as 30% have been reported (Wilkison et al, 2000), and summer conditions were favorable for high yields. Similar effects between nitrapyrin and pronitridine were expected as Martin et al, (1994) reported finding similar effects of nitrapyrin and DCD on total inorganic soil N. Note. † Calculated as: kg grain produced kg N -1 applied (Fixen et al, 2014).…”

“…Loss of N to the atmosphere may approach 30% (Wilkison et al, 2000). Numerous studies have investigated nitrification inhibitors in soils at high risk of leaching potential, and once N is leached out of the root zone plant N uptake is reduced (Mason, 1987;McCarty & Bremner, 1989;Francis et al, 1993;Martin et al, 1994). A new nitrification inhibitor, pronitridine (CAS RN 1373256-33-7, Centuro™, Koch Agronomic Services, Witchita, KS), was recently developed to enhance the efficiency of N applications in corn (Vetsch & Schwab, 2014;Gabrielson & Epling, 2016).…”

Potato Response to Nitrogen Form and Nitrification Inhibitors

“…Hendrickson et al (1978) showed at least partial inhibition with nitrapyrin for 49 days on this soil. Martin et al (1994) found few differences between DCD and nitrapyrin effectiveness on maintaining soil inorganic N fractions on sandy soils in Florida as did several Illinois researchers (Schmitt 1983;Sawyer 1985).…”

“…Corn research on coarse-textured soils has shown that while yield and/or apparent N recovery could be improved with inhibitor use in combination with preplant N, relatively few benefits have been seen when inhibitors were used with sidedress or split N applications (Chancy and Kamprath 1982;Zublena 1984;Reeves and Touchton 1986;Frye et al 1989;Malzer et al 1989). These and other studies have shown that inhibitors can effectively block nitrification for 35 to 50 days on sands depending on soil temperature (Hendrickson et al 1978;Schmitt 1983;Martin et al 1994). However, the benefit to the crop is dependent upon the existence of environmental conditions conducive to N losses prior to when the N is taken up by the crop.…”