Contrasting thermal histories for the Indian passive margins during syn‐ and post‐Gondwana break‐up: Insights from apatite fission‐track thermochronology

Fonseca, Ana; Glorie, Stijn; He, Zhiyuan; Singh, Tej Vir; Grave, Johan De

doi:10.1111/ter.12621

Terra Nova

2022

DOI: 10.1111/ter.12621

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Contrasting thermal histories for the Indian passive margins during syn‐ and post‐Gondwana break‐up: Insights from apatite fission‐track thermochronology

Ana Fonseca

Stijn Glorie

Zhiyuan He

et al.

Abstract: Southern peninsular India comprises four main tectonic units:the Dharwar craton, Palghat-Cauvery Shear System (PCSS), Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) and overlying Meso-Cenozoic basins (Figure 1). The Dharwar craton is an Archean (ca. 3.6-2.5 Ga) granite-greenstone terrain (Jayananda et al., 2018) that

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Coevolution of craton margins and interiors during continental break-up

Gernon,

Hincks,

Brune

et al. 2024

Nature

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Many cratonic continental fragments dispersed during the rifting and break-up of Gondwana are bound by steep topographic landforms known as ‘great escarpments’1–4, which rim elevated plateaus in the craton interior5,6. In terms of formation, escarpments and plateaus are traditionally considered distinct owing to their spatial separation, occasionally spanning more than a thousand kilometres. Here we integrate geological observations, statistical analysis, geodynamic simulations and landscape-evolution models to develop a physical model that mechanistically links both phenomena to continental rifting. Escarpments primarily initiate at rift-border faults and slowly retreat at about 1 km Myr−1 through headward erosion. Simultaneously, rifting generates convective instabilities in the mantle7–10 that migrate cratonward at a faster rate of about 15–20 km Myr−1 along the lithospheric root, progressively removing cratonic keels11, driving isostatic uplift of craton interiors and forming a stable, elevated plateau. This process forces a synchronized wave of denudation, documented in thermochronology studies, which persists for tens of millions of years and migrates across the craton at a comparable or slower pace. We interpret the observed sequence of rifting, escarpment formation and exhumation of craton interiors as an evolving record of geodynamic mantle processes tied to continental break-up, upending the prevailing notion of cratons as geologically stable terrains.

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Coevolution of craton margins and interiors during continental break-up

Gernon,

Hincks,

Brune

et al. 2024

Nature

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Contrasting thermal histories for the Indian passive margins during syn‐ and post‐Gondwana break‐up: Insights from apatite fission‐track thermochronology

Cited by 1 publication

References 78 publications

Coevolution of craton margins and interiors during continental break-up

Coevolution of craton margins and interiors during continental break-up

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