Contrasting the direct radiative effect and direct radiative forcing of aerosols

Heald, Colette L.; Ridley, D. A.; Kroll, J. H.; Barrett, Steven R. H.; Cady‐Pereira, Karen; Alvarado, M. J.; Holmes, Christopher D.

doi:10.5194/acp-14-5513-2014

Cited by 183 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…RRTMG (Iacono et al, 2008) uses the correlated-k method to quickly calculate the atmospheric radiation flux throughout the vertical column and was implemented online into GEOSChem by Heald et al (2014), together referred to as GC-RT. RRTMG simulates extinction from water vapor, ozone, greenhouse gases, aerosols, clouds, and Rayleigh scattering over 16 longwave and 14 SW bands.…”

Section: Rrtmgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter air pollution may offset ozone damage to global crop production

Schiferl

Heald

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Ensuring global food security requires a comprehensive understanding of environmental pressures on food production, including the impacts of air quality. Surface ozone damages plants and decreases crop production; this effect has been extensively studied. In contrast, the presence of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere can be beneficial to crops given that enhanced light scattering leads to a more even and efficient distribution of photons which can outweigh total incoming radiation loss. This study quantifies the impacts of ozone and PM on the global production of maize, rice, and wheat in 2010 and 2050. We show that accounting for the growing season of these crops is an important factor in determining their air pollution exposure. We find that the effect of PM can offset much, if not all, of the reduction in yield associated with ozone damage. Assuming maximum sensitivity to PM, the current (2010) global net impact of air quality on crop production varies by crop (+5.6, −3.7, and +4.5 % for maize, wheat, and rice, respectively). Future emissions scenarios indicate that attempts to improve air quality can result in a net negative effect on crop production in areas dominated by the PM effect. However, we caution that the uncertainty in this assessment is large, due to the uncertainty associated with crop response to changes in diffuse radiation; this highlights that a more detailed physiological study of this response for common cultivars is crucial.

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Section: Rrtmgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter air pollution may offset ozone damage to global crop production

Schiferl

Heald

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…In particular, assessing the radiative forcing from changes involving biogenic processes is an ongoing challenge in the modeling community but has importance in the coming decades as policymakers face decisions that depend critically on accurate knowledge of the atmospheric oxidative capacity. For example, recent studies have demonstrated the importance of considering the net effect of human-induced changes in biogenic VOC emissions on global climate forcing over the industrial period (e.g., Unger, 2014a, b;Heald et al, 2014;Heald and Spracklen, 2015). Tackling the longstanding issue of the dynamics of future global methane sources and sinks is also crucial for the next generation of climate projections (Quiquet et al, 2015;Kirschke et al, 2013).…”

Section: P Achakulwisut Et Al: Uncertainties In Isoprene Photochemimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of considering the net effect of human-induced changes in biogenic VOC emissions on global climate forcing over the industrial period (e.g., Unger, 2014a, b;Heald et al, 2014;Heald and Spracklen, 2015). Unger (2014a) quantified the global radiative impact of changes to the atmospheric concentrations of ozone, methane, and SOA due to a reduction in the emission of biogenic VOCs resulting from global cropland expansion between the 1850s and 2000s.…”

Section: P Achakulwisut Et Al: Uncertainties In Isoprene Photochemimentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in isoprene photochemistry and emissions: implications for the oxidative capacity of past and present atmospheres and for climate forcing agents

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Isoprene and its oxidation products are major players in the oxidative chemistry of the troposphere. Current understanding of the factors controlling biogenic isoprene emissions and of the fate of isoprene oxidation products in the atmosphere has been evolving rapidly. We use a climate-biosphere-chemistry modeling framework to evaluate the sensitivity of estimates of the tropospheric oxidative capacity to uncertainties in isoprene emissions and photochemistry. Our work focuses on two climate transitions: from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19 000-23 000 years BP) to the preindustrial (1770s) and from the preindustrial to the present day (1990s). We find that different oxidants have different sensitivities to the uncertainties tested in this study. Ozone is relatively insensitive, whereas OH is the most sensitive: changes in the global mean OH levels for the LGM-to-preindustrial transition range between −29 and +7 % and those for the preindustrial-to-present-day transition range between −8 and +17 % across our simulations. We find little variability in the implied relative LGMpreindustrial difference in methane emissions with respect to the uncertainties tested in this study. Conversely, estimates of the preindustrial-to-present-day and LGM-to-preindustrial changes in the global burden of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are highly sensitive. We show that the linear relationship between tropospheric mean OH and tropospheric mean ozone photolysis rates, water vapor, and total emissions of NO x and reactive carbon -first reported in Murray et al. (2014) -does not hold across all periods with the new isoprene photochemistry mechanism. This study demonstrates how inadequacies in our current understanding of isoprene emissions and photochemistry impede our ability to constrain the oxidative capacities of the present and past atmospheres, its controlling factors, and the radiative forcing of some short-lived species such as SOA over time.

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“…RRTMG (Iacono et al, 2008) uses the correlated-k method to quickly calculate the atmospheric radiation flux throughout the vertical column and was implemented online into GEOS-Chem by Heald et al (2014), together referred to as GC-RT. RRTMG simulates extinction from water vapor, ozone, greenhouse gases, aerosols, clouds and Rayleigh scattering over 16 longwave Atmos.…”

Section: Rrtmg 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter air pollution offsets ozone damage to global crop production

Schiferl¹,

Heald²

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Ensuring global food security requires a comprehensive understanding of environmental pressures on food production, including the impacts of air quality. Surface ozone damages plants and decreases crop production; this effect has 10 been extensively studied. In contrast, the presence of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere can be beneficial to crops given that enhanced light scattering leads to a more even and efficient distribution of photons which can outweigh total incoming radiation loss. This study quantifies the impacts of ozone and PM on the global production of maize, rice, and wheat in 2010 and 2050. We show that accounting for the growing season of these crops is an important factor in determining their air pollution exposure. We find that the effect of PM can offset much, if not all, of the reduction in yield associated with ozone 15 damage. Assuming maximum sensitivity to PM, the current (2010) global net impact of air quality on crop production is positive (+6.0 %, +0.5 %, and +4.9 % for maize, wheat, and rice, respectively). Future emissions scenarios indicate that attempts to improve air quality can result in a net negative effect on crop production in areas dominated by the PM effect.However, we caution that the uncertainty in this assessment is large due to the uncertainty associated with crop response to changes in diffuse radiation; this highlights that more detailed physiological study of this response for common cultivars is 20 crucial.

show abstract

Contrasting the direct radiative effect and direct radiative forcing of aerosols

Cited by 183 publications

References 99 publications

Particulate matter air pollution may offset ozone damage to global crop production

Particulate matter air pollution may offset ozone damage to global crop production

Uncertainties in isoprene photochemistry and emissions: implications for the oxidative capacity of past and present atmospheres and for climate forcing agents

Particulate matter air pollution offsets ozone damage to global crop production

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