Contrasting styles of Hurricane Irene washover sedimentation on three east coast barrier islands: Cape Lookout, North Carolina; Assateague Island, Virginia; and Fire Island, New York

Williams, Harry

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.11.027

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In recent decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the geological development of barrier islands and the important role of overwash in their evolution. Field‐based studies have captured measurements of overwash geometry, volume, and spatial configuration [e.g., Morton and Sallenger , ; Donnelly and Sallenger , ; Carruthers et al ., ; Williams , ; Shaw et al ., ; Lazarus and Armstrong , ]. Deposition of overwash sediment can occur as a result of wave runup exceeding the dune crest (classified as runup overwash) or as a result of the mean water level (tides plus storm surge) exceeding the dune crest (classified as inundation overwash) [ Sallenger , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic controls on overwash deposition: Evidence and consequences

Rogers

Moore

Goldstein

et al. 2015

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

112

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Accelerated sea level rise and the potential for an increase in frequency of the most intense hurricanes due to climate change threaten the vitality and habitability of barrier islands by lowering their relative elevation and altering frequency of overwash. High-density development may further increase island vulnerability by restricting delivery of overwash to the subaerial island. We analyzed pre-Hurricane Sandy and post-Hurricane Sandy (2012) lidar surveys of the New Jersey coast to assess human influence on barrier overwash, comparing natural environments to two developed environments (commercial and residential) using shore-perpendicular topographic profiles. The volumes of overwash delivered to residential and commercial environments are reduced by 40% and 90%, respectively, of that delivered to natural environments. We use this analysis and an exploratory barrier island evolution model to assess long-term impacts of anthropogenic structures. Simulations suggest that natural barrier islands may persist under a range of likely future sea level rise scenarios (7-13 mm/yr), whereas developed barrier islands will have a long-term tendency toward drowning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic controls on overwash deposition: Evidence and consequences

Rogers

Moore

Goldstein

et al. 2015

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

112

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“…, ; Morton and Sallenger, ; Plant and Stockdon, ; Schupp et al. , ; Williams, ). Hurricane‐driven storms typically result in a large wind set‐up (Androulidakis et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many barrier systems all over the world are threatened by the effects of long-term sea level rise (Flato et al, 2013). If sediment is abundant and the rate of sea level rise is small, barrier islands can maintain their shape by moving landward, a process called rollover (Donnelly et al, 2006;Leatherman, 1985;Masselink and van Heteren, 2014;Williams, 2015). The landward transport of sediment can take place during overwash and inundation, which typically occurs during storm surge conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing studies on overwash and inundation often focused on microtidal regimes and narrow barrier islands with hurricane-driven wind and wave conditions or morphology change after a storm (i.e. the end product: the post-storm morphology) rather than the processes during overwash and inundation itself (Donnelly et al, 2004;FitzGerald et al, 2007;McCall et al, 2010;Morton and Sallenger, 2003;Plant and Stockdon, 2012;Schupp et al, 2013;Williams, 2015). Hurricane-driven storms typically result in a large wind set-up (Androulidakis et al, 2015) and wave set-up (Lazarus and Armstrong, 2015;Longuet-Higgins, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of tides and storms on the sediment transport across a Dutch barrier island

Wesselman

Winter

Engelstad

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Under natural conditions, barrier islands might grow vertically and migrate onshore under the influence of long‐term sea level rise. Sediment is transported onshore during storm‐induced overwash and inundation. However, on many Dutch Wadden Islands, dune openings are closed off by artificial sand‐drift dikes that prevent the influx of sediment during storms. It has been argued that creating openings in the dune row to allow regular flooding on barrier islands can have a positive effect on the sediment budget, but the dominant hydrodynamic processes and their influence on sediment transport during overwash and inundation are unknown. Here, we present an XBeach model study to investigate how sediment transport during overwash and inundation across the beach of a typical mesotidal Wadden Sea barrier island is influenced by wave, tide and storm surge conditions. Firstly, we validated the model XBeach with field data on waves and currents during island inundation. In general, the XBeach model performed well. Secondly, we studied the long‐term sediment transport across the barrier island. We distinguished six representative inundation classes, ranging from frequently occurring, low‐energy events to infrequent, high‐energy events, and simulated the hydrodynamics and sediment transport during these events. An analysis of the model simulations shows that larger storm events cause larger cross‐shore sediment transport, but the net sediment exchange during a storm levels off or even becomes smaller for the largest inundation classes because it is counteracted by larger mean water levels in the Wadden Sea that oppose or even reverse sediment transport during inundation. When taking into account the frequency of occurrence of storms we conclude that the cumulative effect of relatively mild storms on long‐term cross‐shore sediment transport is much larger than that of the large storm events. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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“…Recently, sandy storm deposits, which are defined here as sandy deposits formed by storm surge and/or waves, have been reported in many regions, and their sedimentary features have been a topic of research [e.g., Hawkes and Horton , ; Phantuwongraj et al ., ; Shaw et al ., ; Williams ]. It has been pointed out that sedimentary features of storm deposits are similar to those of tsunami deposits [e.g., Goff et al ., ; Goto et al ., ; Kain et al ., ; Phantuwongraj and Choowong , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors responsible for the limited inland extent of sand deposits on Leyte Island during 2013 Typhoon Haiyan

et al. 2017

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Previous geological studies suggest that the maximum inland extent of storm‐induced sand deposits is shorter, but their thickness is larger, than those of tsunami‐induced sand deposits. However, factors that determine the maximum extent and thickness of storm deposits are still uncertain. We conducted numerical simulations of storm surge, waves, and sediment transport during Typhoon Haiyan in order to understand the distribution and sedimentary processes responsible for storm deposits. Numerical results showed that wave‐induced currents slightly offshore were strong, but attenuated rapidly in the inland direction after wave breaking. Therefore, sediments were not transported far inland by waves and storm surge. Consequently, the maximum inland extent of storm deposits was remarkably shorter than the inland extent of inundation. We also revealed that vegetation (roughness coefficient) and typhoon intensity greatly affect the calculation of maximum extent and thickness distribution of storm deposits. As the duration of wave impact on a coast is relatively long during a storm (hours, compared to minutes for a tsunami), sediments are repeatedly supplied by multiple waves. Therefore, storm deposits tend to be thicker than tsunami deposits, and multiple layers can form in the internal sedimentary structure of the deposits. We infer that limitation of the sand deposit to within only a short distance inland from the shoreline and multiple layers found in a deposit can be used as appropriate identification proxies for storm deposits.

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Contrasting styles of Hurricane Irene washover sedimentation on three east coast barrier islands: Cape Lookout, North Carolina; Assateague Island, Virginia; and Fire Island, New York

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Anthropogenic controls on overwash deposition: Evidence and consequences

Anthropogenic controls on overwash deposition: Evidence and consequences

The effect of tides and storms on the sediment transport across a Dutch barrier island

Factors responsible for the limited inland extent of sand deposits on Leyte Island during 2013 Typhoon Haiyan

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