Contrasting Neoproterozoic and Mesozoic granitoids in Zaranda complex (Nigeria): insights into the distinct origins, tectonic settings and mineralization potential

Petrogenesis and tectonic implication of the alkaline ferroan granites from Ropp complex, north‐central Nigeria: Clues from zircon chemistry, U–Pb dating, and Lu–Hf isotope

“…LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon dating yield coeval intrusive ages between 161 ± 2 and 162 ± 5 for the three rock units (see Figure 7a–c) and conform to the systematic decreasing age trend from north to south (ca. 214–141 Ma) within the Nigerian anorogenic alkaline ring complexes (Figure 1b; Rahaman et al, 1984; Dickina et al, 1991; Girei et al, 2019; Kamaunji et al, 2020; Ahmed et al, 2021). However, the recently reported U–Pb zircon age of biotite granite in the study area (ca.…”

“…These rocks commonly occur in the northern part (Figure 1b), where the underlying granitic rocks are exposed only within the deeply eroded zones, as exemplified in Ningi‐Burra, Saiya‐Shokobo, Banke, and Ririwai complexes (Girei et al, 2019; Ike, 1985; Macleod et al, 1971; D. C. Turner & Bowden, 1979; Vincent et al, 2021). The volcanic phase was accompanied by large caldera subsidence which triggered the emplacement of epizonal syenites that form elliptical ring complexes (Bowden et al, 1987; Kinnaird et al, 1985) in Kila‐Warji, Zuku, Zaranda, and Jere‐Sanga complexes (Ahmed et al, 2021; Bennett et al, 1984; Macleod et al, 1971; D. C. Turner, 1968).…”

“…These features are requisite attributes that can provide crucial information on the petrogenesis and tectonic implications of anorogenic alkaline magmatism, a hotly debated topic in the geologic literature. Indeed, recent studies have shown that the Nigerian ferroan granites were generated as a result of fractional crystallization of highly differentiated basaltic (OIB) magmas from the enriched lithospheric mantle with variable contributions from the lower crust (Ahmed et al, 2021; Amuda et al, 2020; Girei et al, 2019; Kamaunji et al, 2020). However, other workers (Girei et al, 2020; Vincent et al, 2021) opined that the Nigerian A‐type granites, particularly the highly oxidized and less radiogenic Mo– and Pb–Zn mineralized biotite granites from Mada and Ningi‐Burra complexes, were derived from the lower crust with upper mantle involvement.…”

“…(c) Geological map of the Ropp alkaline ring complex (extracted from Kinnaird et al, 1985). (1) Rahaman et al (1984), (2) Van Breemen et al (1975), (3) Van Breemen and Bowden (1973), (4) Dickina et al (1991), (5) Girei et al (2019), (6) Kamaunji et al (unpublished data), (7) Kamaunji et al (2020) (8) Ahmed et al (2021), (9) Van Breemen and Bowden (1973), (10) Vincent et al (2021), (11) Amuda et al (2020), (12) Girei et al (2020). Ages of Air and Damagaran in Niger Republic are based on Rb–Sr dating obtained from Bowden et al (1976).…”

“…In addition, controversies still remain regarding the geodynamic evolution of the Nigerian alkaline province. Whether the N–S age migration is driven by reactivated shear zones along ENE–WSW trends (Ahmed et al, 2021; Black et al, 1985; Girei et al, 2019, 2020; Vincent et al, 2022), or is associated with a mantle plume hotspot (Bowden et al, 1976; Kamaunji et al, 2020) require further investigation. In addition, high precision U–Pb zircon dates are needed to further confirm the general trend of decreasing ages from north to south (Amuda et al, 2020).…”