Contrasting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in veterans affairs and community nursing homes

Mulhausen, Paul; Harrell, Lizzie J.; Weinberger, Morris; Kochersberger, Gary; Feussner, John R.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(96)90007-8

Cited by 94 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The recognized risk factors then identified for MRSA infection and colonization included recent hospitalization; other exposures to the health care system; residence in a longterm care facility (91,95,245,246,524,637,638,649,864,867,897) or an acute-rehabilitation unit (578); the presence of an indwelling line or catheter; surgical wounds; chronic liver, lung, or vascular disease; malignancy; recent exposure to antibiotics; intravenous drug use (130); ICU admission; and exposure to a patient with any of these risk factors for MRSA (148,383,559,914).…”

Section: Emergence and History Of Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

2010

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SUMMARY Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), endovascular infections, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, foreign-body infections, and sepsis. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were once confined largely to hospitals, other health care environments, and patients frequenting these facilities. Since the mid-1990s, however, there has been an explosion in the number of MRSA infections reported in populations lacking risk factors for exposure to the health care system. This increase in the incidence of MRSA infection has been associated with the recognition of new MRSA clones known as community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA strains differ from the older, health care-associated MRSA strains; they infect a different group of patients, they cause different clinical syndromes, they differ in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, they spread rapidly among healthy people in the community, and they frequently cause infections in health care environments as well. This review details what is known about the epidemiology of CA-MRSA strains and the clinical spectrum of infectious syndromes associated with them that ranges from a commensal state to severe, overwhelming infection. It also addresses the therapy of these infections and strategies for their prevention.

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Section: Emergence and History Of Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

2010

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“…They may emerge endogenously in patient flora during courses of antimicrobial therapy, or they may enter with new residents who are already colonized or infected (Bradley SF & Al, 1991;Mulhausen PL & Al, 1996;Muder RR & Al, 1999). Emergence may reflect selection of resistant strains or acquisition of genetic determinants www.intechopen.com that confer resistance by either spontaneous mutation or gene transfer.…”

Section: Sources Of Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance in Nursing Homes

Ricci¹,

Barrionuevo²,

Cosso³

et al. 2012

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria - A Continuous Challenge in the New Millennium

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“…Generally, nonadherence to regular preventive measures and insanitary conditions are known to influence sporadic or epidemic infections (Boyce et al, 1994;Federal Register notice, 1994;Mulhausen et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In modern hospitals, the major reservoirs of common hospital pathogens are healthcare personnel, patients and visitors (Mulhausen et al, 1996). Body sites that are frequently colonized by pathogens include the nares, the skin, and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of medical personnel and the environment in the transmission of healthcare-associated infections in the paediatric unit of a University Teaching Hospital

Ngwa¹,

Ogri-Okwaji²,

Odugbemi³

2011

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

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Medical personnel, the environment and devices in paediatric wards at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) were screened to identify possible reservoirs/routes of spread of infections and to evaluate the effectiveness of decontamination processes. Between April and June 1995, nasal, throat and hand swabs as well as urine, stool and swabs of staff uniforms were collected from 126 personnel. Equipment, surfaces, soap, disinfectants, sterile instruments, dressings and the air were also sampled. Further, a questionnaire was administered to assess the general healthcare situation as viewed by staff. All specimens were processed according to standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs was tested to Methicillin by Oxacillin E test. Only 74 (59%) hand swabs were sterile, whereas 52 (41%) had pure and/or mixed growth of staphylococci, enterococci, Bacillus and gram-negative bacteria. Sixty-six (52%) staff were nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus, 25 (38%) of which were methicillin-resistant (MIC 8->32µg/ ml). Six (5%) staff harboured Streptococcus pyogenes in throat swabs, 2 (8%) Escherichia coli in faecal specimens and 9 (11%) had significant bacteriuria. Most frequently used equipment/materials were recontaminated within the 12 hours of sampling. Some disinfectants were contaminated by gram-negative bacteria. Understaffing, overcrowding and insufficient equipment reportedly militated against adequate patient care. These findings highlight the necessity for hospitals to ensure thorough personal, environmental and professional asepsis through implementation of appropriate guidelines or measures suggested herein.

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Contrasting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in veterans affairs and community nursing homes

Cited by 94 publications

References 12 publications

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic

Antibiotic Resistance in Nursing Homes

The role of medical personnel and the environment in the transmission of healthcare-associated infections in the paediatric unit of a University Teaching Hospital

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