Contrasting Ice Algae and Snow‐Dependent Irradiance Relationships Between First‐Year and Multiyear Sea Ice

Lange, Benjamin; Haas, Christian; Charette, Joannie; Katlein, Christian; Campbell, Karley; Duerksen, Steve; Coupel, Pierre; Anhaus, Philipp; Jutila, Arttu; Tremblay, Pascale; Carlyle, Cody G.; Michel, Christine

doi:10.1029/2019gl082873

Cited by 29 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…It has been consistently shown in polar environments that food has a greater impact on invertebrate physiology than temperature (Brockington and Clarke, 2001;Blicher et al, 2010), and can drive multi-decadal scale patterns in growth (Ambrose et al, 2006;Carroll et al, 2009) and recruitment (Skazina et al, 2013;Dayton et al, 2016). Associated with environmental forcing in the Arctic, there is expected to be a shift in the timings and quality of organic matter input to the benthos, from nutrient-rich ice algae to pelagic phytoplankton derived primary productivity (Arrigo and van Dijken, 2015), associated with thinner sea ice (Lange et al, 2019), and the transition to ice free conditions (Grebmeier et al, 2006;Leu et al, 2011;Polyakov et al, 2012a). Arctic phytoplankton assemblages may display resilience to ocean acidification through natural tolerances and intraspecific diversity (Hoppe et al, 2018), but the increasing unpredictability in quality of organic matter input impacts on the tight pelagic-benthic coupling which characterizes the Arctic (Tamelander et al, 2006;Wassmann et al, 2011;Kêdra et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invariant Gametogenic Response of Dominant Infaunal Bivalves From the Arctic Under Ambient and Near-Future Climate Change Conditions

et al. 2021

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Arctic marine ecosystems are undergoing a series of major rapid adjustments to the regional amplification of climate change, but there is a paucity of knowledge about how changing environmental conditions might affect reproductive cycles of seafloor organisms. Shifts in species reproductive ecology may influence their entire life-cycle, and, ultimately, determine the persistence and distribution of taxa. Here, we investigate whether the combined effects of warming and ocean acidification based on near-future climate change projections affects the reproductive processes in benthic bivalves (Astarte crenata and Bathyarca glacialis) from the Barents Sea. Both species present large oocytes indicative of lecithotrophic or direct larval development after ∼4 months exposure to ambient [<2°C, ∼400 ppm (CO2)] and near-future [3–5°C, ∼550 ppm (CO2)] conditions, but we find no evidence that the combined effects of acidification and warming affect the size frequency distribution of oocytes. Whilst our observations are indicative of resilience of this reproductive stage to global changes, we also highlight that the successful progression of gametogenesis under standard laboratory conditions does not necessarily mean that successful development and recruitment will occur in the natural environment. This is because the metabolic costs of changing environmental conditions are likely to be offset by, as is common practice in laboratory experiments, feeding ad libitum. We discuss our findings in the context of changing food availability in the Arctic and conclude that, if we are to establish the vulnerability of species and ecosystems, there is a need for holistic approaches that incorporate multiple system responses to change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invariant Gametogenic Response of Dominant Infaunal Bivalves From the Arctic Under Ambient and Near-Future Climate Change Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…Differences in timing of ice productivity are likely to cause alterations in spring food-web dynamics (e.g., Søreide et al, 2010) as MYI continues to be replaced by FYI in the Arctic. FYI might provide more favorable conditions for algal growth when light penetrates the thinner ice pack early in the season (Macdonald et al, 2015;Lange et al, 2019), but an earlier onset of the ice-associated and pelagic blooms is likely to create a mismatch in carbon source availability and grazer occurrence (Leu et al, 2011;Ji et al, 2013). MYI is considered a potential refuge for Arctic species (e.g., Gradinger et al, 2010;David et al, 2016), with ubiquitous habitats (Lange et al, 2017) and communities (e.g., Hatam et al, 2014Hatam et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…html). The study area is generally dominated by thick MYI, interspersed with patches of thinner FYI (Haas et al, 2006(Haas et al, , 2010Lange et al, 2019). For this study, samples were collected from 14 FYI cores (top: n ¼ 2, mid: n ¼ 2, and bottom: n ¼ 12) and 8 MYI cores (top: n ¼ 2, mid: n ¼ 2, Table 1).…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty acids and stable isotope signatures of first-year and multiyear sea ice in the Canadian High Arctic

et al. 2020

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Ice algae are critical components to the lipid-driven Arctic marine food web, particularly early in the spring. As little is known about these communities in multiyear ice (MYI), we aimed to provide a baseline of fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope signatures of sea-ice communities in MYI from the Lincoln Sea and compare these biomarkers to first-year ice (FYI). Significant differences in the relative proportions of approximately 25% of the identified FAs and significantly higher nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) in bottom-ice samples of FYI (δ15N = 6.4 ± 0.7%) compared to MYI (δ15N = 5.0 ± 0.4%) reflect different community compositions in the two ice types. Yet, the relative proportion of diatom- and dinoflagellate-associated FAs, as well as their bulk and most of the FA-specific carbon stable isotope compositions (δ13C) were not significantly different between bottom FYI (bulk δ13C: –28.4% to –26.7%, FA average δ13C: –34.4% to –31.7%) and MYI (bulk δ13C: –27.6% to –27.2%, FA average δ13C: –33.6% to –31.9%), suggesting at least partly overlapping community structures and similar biochemical processes within the ice. Diatom-associated FAs contributed, on average, 28% and 25% to the total FA content of bottom FYI and MYI, respectively, indicating that diatoms play a central role in structuring sea-ice communities in the Lincoln Sea. The differences in FA signatures of FYI and MYI support the view that different ice types harbor different inhabitants and that the loss of Arctic MYI will impact complex food web interactions with ice-associated ecosystems. Comparable nutritional quality of FAs, however, as indicated by similar average levels of polyunsaturated FAs in bottom FYI (33%) and MYI (28%), could help to ensure growth and reproduction of ice-associated grazers despite the shift from a MYI to FYI-dominated sea-ice cover with ongoing climate warming.

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“…There are growing needs to upscale sea-ice algal biomass estimations for biogeochemical and primary production model evaluation (Nishi andTabeta, 2005, Cimoli andothers, 2019) and to establish baselines from which to monitor Saroma-ko Lagoon decadal scale changes (Liu and others, 2018). To increase the coverage and upscale observations, development of bio-optical relationships is a way forward from classical sea-ice coring methods for using and validating data from under-ice remote-sensing platforms such as unmanned underwater vehicles (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using under-ice hyperspectral transmittance to determine land-fast sea-ice algal biomass in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2020

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Sea ice, which forms in polar and nonpolar areas, transmits light to ice-associated (sympagic) algal communities. To noninvasively study the distribution of sea-ice algae, empirical relations to estimate its biomass from under-ice hyperspectral irradiance have been developed in the Arctic and Antarctica but lack for nonpolar regions. This study examines relationships between normalised difference indices (NDI) calculated from hyperspectral transmittance and sympagic algal biomass in the nonpolar Saroma-ko Lagoon. We analysed physico-biogeochemical properties of snow and land-fast sea ice supporting 27 paired bio-optical measurements along three transects covering an area of over 250 m × 250 m in February 2019. Snow depth (0.08 ± 0.01 m) and ice-bottom brine volume fraction (0.21 ± 0.02) showed low (0.06) and high (0.58) correlations with sea-ice core bottom section chlorophyll a (Chl. a), respectively. Spatial analyses unveiled the patch size of sea-ice Chl. a to be ~65 m, which is in the same range reported from previous studies. A selected NDI (669, 596 nm) explained 63% of algal biomass variability. This reflects the bio-optical properties and environmental conditions of the lagoon that favour the wavelength pair in the orange/red part of the spectrum and suggests the necessity of a specific bio-optical relationship for Saroma-ko Lagoon.

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Contrasting Ice Algae and Snow‐Dependent Irradiance Relationships Between First‐Year and Multiyear Sea Ice

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

Invariant Gametogenic Response of Dominant Infaunal Bivalves From the Arctic Under Ambient and Near-Future Climate Change Conditions

Invariant Gametogenic Response of Dominant Infaunal Bivalves From the Arctic Under Ambient and Near-Future Climate Change Conditions

Fatty acids and stable isotope signatures of first-year and multiyear sea ice in the Canadian High Arctic

Using under-ice hyperspectral transmittance to determine land-fast sea-ice algal biomass in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan

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