Contrasting Hydraulic Architectures of Scots Pine and Sessile Oak at Their Southernmost Distribution Limits

Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet; Dorado‐Liñán, Isabel; Hacke, Uwe G.; Seidel, Hannes; Menzel, Annette

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00598

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Therefore, the two ring-porous species recorded higher values of K S-MAX than Scots pine since their xylem architecture is better designed for an efficient water transport. Similar results were found in other studies comparing angiosperms and conifers [51]. However, with increasing aridity, sweet chestnut, Scots pine and to a lesser degree oak displayed lower K S-MAX suggesting an acclimation of the xylem.…”

Section: Contrasting Hydraulic Strategies Among the Study Speciessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These low values of native loss of conductivity found in our study are in disagreement with the ones reported by [72], who found a strong decline in native PLC in a Scots pine population located in the NE Iberian Peninsula. However, a more extensive study assessing the native loss of conductivity across Scots pine stands, located at the southern limit of the species distribution during one of the driest summers in the area, found similar values as ours [51]. Nevertheless, this conservative strategy allows keeping the xylem functional in water transport during several years, since the annual build-up of new xylem tissue just accounts for 15-20% of the total hydraulic conductivity [75].…”

Section: Contrasting Hydraulic Strategies Among the Study Speciessupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Native xylem embolism was reversed by applying two different methods for conifers and angiosperms due to their contrasting physiologies [51]. In the case of Scots pine, the stem portions were submerged in a degassed solution of 20 mM KCl and 1 mM CaCl 2 and vacuum infiltrated for 1 h. In the case of chestnut and oak, the segments were connected to a tubing apparatus and flushed, with the same measuring solution, for 1 h at 100 kPa [51]. Afterwards, the xylem-specific maximum hydraulic conductivity (K S-MAX ) was measured following the same procedure as for the K S-NATIVE .…”

Section: Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of Contrasting Tree Functional Types to Air Warming and Drought

Martínez-Sancho

Navas

Seidel

et al. 2017

Forests

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Climate change-induced rise of air temperatures and the increase of extreme climatic events, such as droughts, will largely affect plant growth and hydraulics, leading to mortality events all over the globe. In this study, we investigated the growth and hydraulic responses of seedlings of contrasting functional types. Pinus sylvestris, Quercus spp. and Castanea sativa seedlings were grown in a common garden experiment under four treatments: control, air warming, drought and their combination during two consecutive growing periods. Height and diameter increments, stomatal conductance and stem water potentials were measured during both growing seasons. Additionally, hydraulic parameters such as xylem-specific native and maximum hydraulic conductivities, and native percentage of loss of conductivity were measured at the end of the entire experiment. Our results clearly pointed to different adaptive strategies of the studied species. Scots pine displayed a relatively isohydric behavior with a strict stomata control prohibiting native embolism whereas sweet chestnut and oak as relatively anisohydric species displayed an increased loss of native conductivity as a results of low water potentials. Seasonal timing of shoot and diameter growth also differed among functional types influencing drought impacts. Additionally, the possibility of embolism reversal seemed to be limited under the study conditions.

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Section: Contrasting Hydraulic Strategies Among the Study Speciessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Contrasting Hydraulic Strategies Among the Study Speciessupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of Contrasting Tree Functional Types to Air Warming and Drought

Martínez-Sancho

Navas

Seidel

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…Driven by the meteorological conditions, sap flux rates were higher in May–August than in April and September. The sap flux in April and September would be consistent with these 2 months being in the early and late period of annual growth of Scots pine (Martínez‐Sancho, Dorado‐Liñán, Hacke, Seidel, & Menzel, ; Whittet, Cavers, Cottrell, Rosique‐Esplugas, & Ennos, ). May in this year had relatively low precipitation input (~37 mm), which potentially limited the replenishment of root‐zone soil moisture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Hysteretic response of sap flow in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to meteorological forcing in a humid low‐energy headwater catchment

2019

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Transpiration mediated by physiology is driven by the meteorological variables.Understanding their relationships is crucial to advancing terrestrial ecohydrological studies. Here, we used sap flow measurements in Scots pine to examine the temporal responses of transpiration to temperature (Ta), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and net radiation (Rn). Seasonal variations and the hysteresis between sap flux density (Js) and meteorological variables were investigated. The results show that VPD and Rn were dominant factors influencing hourly Js. Daily peaks of Js lagged behind peaks of Ta, VPD, and Rn, by~2-4 hr. Anticlockwise hysteresis loops between Js and Ta and VPD were observed, and the size of loops change with prevailing weather conditions (i.e., rainy or rainless) and seasons. Longer time lags were found in April and September than in other months. The hysteresis is partly related to the low energy, humid nature of the site which resulted in limited moisture stress to the trees, and thus the trees did not necessarily need a conservation mechanism to restrict water loss as proposed by other studies in semi-arid areas. Release and refill of trunk water storage could plausibly contribute to the hysteresis, although the effect may be entwined with atmospheric demand making it difficult to separate without sophisticated measurements. This study highlights the diversity in plant water relations across temporal scales and seasons and calls for more work across geographic locations and climates.

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“…Regarding European forests, the economically most important and spatially most abundant tree species of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris , L.) and Norway spruce [ Picea abies , (L.) Karst.] are regionally experiencing increased mortality rates (Bigler et al, 2006; Kohler et al, 2010; Lévesque et al, 2013; Rigling et al, 2013; Zang et al, 2014; Huang et al, 2017; Martínez-Sancho et al, 2017; Rehschuh et al, 2017; Buras et al, 2018). But also the widespread European beech ( Fagus sylvatica , L.) is likely to suffer (Scharnweber et al, 2011, 2013; Dulamsuren et al, 2017; Huang et al, 2017; Walentowski et al, 2017) while other abundant species such as oak [ Quercus robur , L. and Quercus petraea , (Matt.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting Tree Species Composition Changes of European Forests for 2061–2090 Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 Scenarios

2019

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Climate change poses certain threats to the World’s forests. That is, tree performance declines if species-specific, climatic thresholds are surpassed. Prominent climatic changes negatively affecting tree performance are mainly associated with so-called hotter droughts. In combination with biotic pathogens, hotter droughts cause a higher tree vulnerability and thus mortality. As a consequence, global forests are expected to undergo vast changes in the course of climate change. Changed climatic conditions may on the one hand locally result in more frequent dieback of a particular tree species but on the other hand allow other—locally yet absent species—to establish themselves, thereby potentially changing local tree-species diversity. Although several studies provide valuable insights into potential risks of prominent European tree species, we yet lack a comprehensive assessment on how and to which extent the composition of European forests may change. To overcome this research gap, we here project future tree-species compositions of European forests. We combine the concept of climate analogs with national forest inventory data to project the tree-species composition for the 26 most important European tree species at any given location in Europe for the period 2061–2090 and the two most relevant CMIP5 scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Our results indicate significant changes in European forests species compositions. Species richness generally declined in the Mediterranean and Central European lowlands, while Scandinavian and Central European high-elevation forests were projected an increasing diversity. Moreover, 76% (RCP 4.5) and 80% (RCP 8.5) of the investigated locations indicated a decreasing abundance of the locally yet most abundant tree species while 74 and 68% were projected an increasing tree-species diversity. Altogether, our study confirms the expectation of European forests undergoing remarkable changes until the end of the 21st century (i.e., 2061–2090) and provides a scientific basement for climate change adaptation with important implications for forestry and nature conservation.

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Contrasting Hydraulic Architectures of Scots Pine and Sessile Oak at Their Southernmost Distribution Limits

Cited by 22 publications

References 87 publications

Responses of Contrasting Tree Functional Types to Air Warming and Drought

Responses of Contrasting Tree Functional Types to Air Warming and Drought

Hysteretic response of sap flow in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) to meteorological forcing in a humid low‐energy headwater catchment

Projecting Tree Species Composition Changes of European Forests for 2061–2090 Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 Scenarios

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