Contrasting effects of specialist and generalist herbivores on resistance evolution in invasive plants

Zhang, Zhijie J.; Pan, Xuebiao; Blumenthal, Dana M.; Kleunen, Mark van; Mu, Lan; Li, Bo

doi:10.1002/ecy.2155

Cited by 71 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In addition, the performance of alien and native species in the test phase did not change with diversity and relative abundance of fungal pathogens in the soil. The lack of evidence for enemy release contrasts with the findings of meta-analyses that found that enemy release contributed to plant invasion 59,60 . This discrepancy could be explained by the fact that the studies included in the meta-analyses mainly focused on aboveground enemies and on herbivores.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Soil-microbes-mediated invasional meltdown in plants

Zhang

Liu

Brunel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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13Invasive alien species are frequently assumed to be more competitive than natives. 14 Hundreds of experiments have investigated this using pairs of species. However, species 15 compete in highly diverse communities, and it remains unknown whether invasive aliens 16 are more competitive than natives in multispecies communities. We tested whether and 17 how a third plant species affects the competition between alien and native plants through 18 plant-soil feedback. We first conditioned soil with one of ten species (six natives and four 19 aliens) or without plants. Then, we grew on these 11 soils, five aliens and five natives 20 without competition, and with intra-or interspecific competition (all pairwise alien-native 21 combinations). Overall, aliens were not more competitive than natives when grown on 22 soil conditioned by other natives or on non-conditioned soil. However, aliens were more 23 competitive than natives on soil conditioned by other aliens. Soil conditioned by aliens 24 changed the competitive outcomes by affecting intrinsic growth rates (i.e. growth rates 25 without competition) of aliens less negatively than that of natives, rather than by affecting 26 the strength of competition. Rhizosphere-microbiome analysis indicated that the less 27 negative effect of aliens on other aliens is mediated by fungal endophytes. The 28 dissimilarity of fungal endophyte communities, which positively correlated with strength 29 of plant-soil feedback, was higher between two aliens than between aliens and natives. 30Our study suggests that coexistence between alien and native plants might be less likely 31 with more aliens. Such invasional meltdown through plant-soil feedback is most likely 32 mediated by spill-over of fungal endophytes. 33 34 Keywords: enemy release, invasion, invasional meltdown, microbes, multispecies, 35 novelty, plant-soil feedback 36 competition, or how individuals tolerate and suppress others) may be modified by a third 60 species 16,17 (Fig. 1b&c). For example, it was shown that Skeletonema costatum, a 61 cosmopolitan diatom, does not directly affect the growth of Karenia brevis, a dominant 62 dinoflagellate in the Gulf of Mexico, but undermines the allelopathic effects of K. 63 brevis 18 . This would also lessen the effect of K. brevis on other phytoplankton species, 64 and interactions might consequently not always remain pairwise. Therefore, we need to 65 study explicitly how a third species can affect the competition between alien and native 66 species. 67Plant competition occurs through different processes, which makes it more 68 challenging to study. The most widely studied process is resource competition 19 , partly 69 because competition for space, food and other resources is the most intuitive. 70Nevertheless, growing evidence shows that resource use alone cannot always explain 71 success of alien species [20][21][22] . Competition can also act through other trophic levels, such 72 as soil microbes. We already know that plants species modify soil microbial communities 73 with c...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Soil-microbes-mediated invasional meltdown in plants

Zhang

Liu

Brunel

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Given that invasive plant species often grow faster than native species (van Kleunen et al ), greater compensatory growth or tolerance might be expected for the former. Indeed, a meta‐analysis by Zhang et al () found that invasive plant species were more tolerant to generalist herbivores than native plant species, however no differences in tolerance to specialist herbivores were observed. Thus, in addition to escape from coadapted herbivores in their native range and greater resistance to herbivores in their introduced range, plant invasion success may also be attributed to greater tolerance of generalist herbivores (Zhang et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, a meta‐analysis by Zhang et al () found that invasive plant species were more tolerant to generalist herbivores than native plant species, however no differences in tolerance to specialist herbivores were observed. Thus, in addition to escape from coadapted herbivores in their native range and greater resistance to herbivores in their introduced range, plant invasion success may also be attributed to greater tolerance of generalist herbivores (Zhang et al ). However, the relative contribution of each factor to invasion success is poorly understood and more studies are needed that examine different defense mechanisms (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage and latitudinal variation in Phragmites australis tolerance to herbivory: implications for invasion success

Croy

Meyerson

Allen

et al. 2020

Oikos

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Herbivores play a critical role in plant invasions either by facilitating or inhibiting species establishment and spread. However, relatively few studies with invasive plant species have focused on the role of plant tolerance and how it varies geographically to influence invasion success. We conducted a common garden study using two lineages (native and invasive) of the grass Phragmites australis that are prevalent in North American wetlands. Using 31 populations collected across a broad geographic range, we tested five predictions: 1) the invasive lineage is more tolerant to simulated folivory than the native lineage, 2) tolerance to herbivory decreases with increasing latitude of origin of the populations, 3) estimates of tolerance are correlated with putative tolerance traits and plasticity in those traits, 4) a tradeoff exists between tolerance and resistance to herbivory and 5) tolerance has a fitness cost. Response to folivory varied substantially among populations of P. australis, ranging from intolerance to overcompensation. Our model selection procedure deemed lineage to be an important predictor of tolerance but, contrary to our prediction, the native lineage was 19% more tolerant to folivory than the invasive lineage. Tolerance for both lineages exhibited a u‐shaped relationship with latitude. A tolerance–resistance tradeoff was evident within the invasive but not the native lineage. Also, tolerance was positively correlated with belowground biomass allocation, leaf silica concentrations, specific leaf area and plasticity in stem density, and negatively correlated with the relative growth rate of the population and plasticity in putative resistance traits. Lastly, although we did not detect costs of tolerance, our results highlight that fast growth rates can maintain high fitness in the presence of herbivory. Herbivory and plant defense strategies for P. australis lineages in North America exhibit complex biogeographic patterns that cause substantial heterogeneity in enemy release and biotic resistance and, consequently, invasion success.

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“…The adaptability of invasive species is surprising, since many non‐native species go through genetic bottlenecks during introduction, which is likely to reduce genetic variation (Dlugosch & Parker, ; Hollingsworth & Bailey, ; Schrey et al, ; Zhang, Zhang, & Barrett, ). Nevertheless, there is evidence from comparisons between native and introduced populations that some invasive species have rapidly adapted to new environments (Joshi & Vrieling, ; Zhang et al, ). Moreover, common‐garden studies revealed that trait expression of naturalized non‐native plants often appears to follow altitudinal, climatic, or latitudinal clines (Agrawal et al, ; Alexander, Kleunen, Ghezzi, & Edwards, ; Bhattarai et al, ; Kollmann & Bañuelos, ; Weber & Schmid, ; but see, e.g., Colautti & Lau, ; Datta, Kühn, Ahmad, Michalski, & Auge, ; Ebeling, Stöcklin, Hensen, & Auge, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for local adaptation and an epigenetic underpinning in native and non‐native ruderal plant species in Germany

Herden

Eckert

Stift

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Many invasive species have rapidly adapted to different environments in their new ranges. This is surprising, as colonization is usually associated with reduced genetic variation. Heritable phenotypic variation with an epigenetic basis may explain this paradox. Here, we assessed the contribution of DNA methylation to local adaptation in native and naturalized non‐native ruderal plant species in Germany. We reciprocally transplanted offspring from natural populations of seven native and five non‐native plant species between the Konstanz region in the south and the Potsdam region in the north of Germany. Before the transplant, half of the seeds were treated with the demethylation agent zebularine. We recorded survival, flowering probability, and biomass production as fitness estimates. Contrary to our expectations, we found little evidence for local adaptation, both among the native and among the non‐native plant species. Zebularine treatment had mostly negative effects on overall plant performance, regardless of whether plants were local or not, and regardless of whether they were native or non‐native. Synthesis. We conclude that local adaptation, at least at the scale of our study, plays no major role in the success of non‐native and native ruderal plants. Consequently, we found no evidence yet for an epigenetic basis of local adaptation.

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Contrasting effects of specialist and generalist herbivores on resistance evolution in invasive plants

Cited by 71 publications

References 73 publications

Soil-microbes-mediated invasional meltdown in plants

Soil-microbes-mediated invasional meltdown in plants

Lineage and latitudinal variation in Phragmites australis tolerance to herbivory: implications for invasion success

No evidence for local adaptation and an epigenetic underpinning in native and non‐native ruderal plant species in Germany

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