Contrasting effect of fish oil supplementation on the development of atherosclerosis in murine models

Zampolli, Antonella; Bysted, Anette; Leth, Torben; Mortensen, Alicja; Caterina, Raffaele De; Falk, Erling

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.018

Cited by 65 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The dose of EPA and DHA in the herring diet in this study is comparable to previous studies of Ldlr -/-mice using fish oil (34)(35)(36), which ranged between 6 and 14 g of EPA+DHA compared to 11 g EPA+DHA per kilogram of diet used in this study. However, several other parameters differed between the studies; dietary content of cholesterol and lipids, study time and choice of reference diets, rendering direct comparisons on outcome on atherosclerotic development more difficult.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…However, several other parameters differed between the studies; dietary content of cholesterol and lipids, study time and choice of reference diets, rendering direct comparisons on outcome on atherosclerotic development more difficult. Despite these differences in study design, all 3 reported a reduction in atherosclerosis (34)(35)(36). In this study, fatty acid analysis confirmed higher proportion of long-chain n-3 PUFA in livers from the herring-fed mice compared with the beef-fed mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

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Dietary herring improves plasma lipid profiles and reduces atherosclerosis in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice

Gabrielsson

Wikström²,

Jakubowicz³

et al. 2011

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. Diet is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and high fish intake has been associated with vascular health in population studies. However, intervention studies have been inconclusive. In this study, male low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were given 16-week high fat/high sucrose diets, supplemented with either minced herring fillets or minced beef. The diets were matched in total fat and cholesterol content; taurine content and fatty acid composition was analysed. Body weights were recorded throughout the study; plasma lipids were analysed at week 8 and 16. Body composition and adipocyte size were evaluated at study end. Atherosclerosis was evaluated at week 12 (ultrasound) and at termination (en face histology). Herring-fed mice had a higher proportion of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hepatic triacylglycerides (TAG) and phospholipid fractions. The herring-fed mice had increased body weight (P= 0.007), and reduced epididymal adipocyte size (P= 0.009), despite similar food intake and body composition as the beef-fed mice. The herring-fed mice had lower plasma TAG and verylow-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol concentrations throughout the study (TAG; P= 0.0012 and 0.004, VLDLcholesterol; P=0.006 and 0.041, week 8 and 16, respectively). At week 16, the herring-fed had higher plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (P=0.004) and less atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch (P=0.007) compared with the beef-fed mice.In conclusion, dietary herring in comparison to beef markedly improved vascular health in this mouse model, suggesting that herring provides an added value beyond its content of macronutrients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Dietary herring improves plasma lipid profiles and reduces atherosclerosis in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice

Gabrielsson

Wikström²,

Jakubowicz³

et al. 2011

Int J Mol Med

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“…The PCR products were separated on 0.8% agarose gels and visualized with ethidium bromide. A series of male and female genomic DNA mixtures The n-3 PUFAs as well as the n-6 PUFAs are atheroprotective in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). In humans, dietary n-3 PUFAs, EPA (20:5 n-3), and DHA (22:6 n-3) found in fish oil (FO) are anti-inflammatory and lower plasma TG, but not plasma LDL cholesterol, a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis in humans (20,21).…”

Section: Bmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by PUFAs has minimal impact on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice

Shewale

Brown

et al. 2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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and GPR120/FFAR4 that are activated by short-, medium-, or long-chain FAs (1-6). GPR120/FFAR4 is highly expressed in intestine, adrenals, lung, adipose tissue, and macrophages, and is described as the n-3 PUFA receptor (7). Upon activation by n-3 PUFA, GPR120/FFAR4 inhibits transforming growth factor -activated kinase 1 activation, resulting in attenuation of IKKB/NF-B and JNK/AP1 signaling (7). GPR120/FFAR4 expression regulates obesity in mice and humans; a nonsynonymous mutation (p.R270H) inhibited GPR120/FFAR4 signaling activity, resulting in increased risk of obesity in European populations (8). In vivo, selective activation of GPR120/FFAR4 by n-3 PUFAs is anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing (7,8). High-fat diet-fed GPR120/FFAR4 KO mice versus WT counterparts supplemented with n-3 PUFA or a selective GPR120/ FFAR4 agonist (cpdA) (9) have: 1) increased adipose tissue F4/80+ macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory/ M1 gene expression, 2) increased M1 gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, and 3) increased insulin resistance. Collectively, these findings highlight the anti-inflammatory potential of macrophage GPR120/FFAR4 activation by n-3 PUFA. However, the impact of GPR120/FFAR4 expression on atherosclerosis progression, particularly in the context of dietary FA composition, is unknown.Abstract G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)120/FFA receptor (FFAR)4 (GPR120/FFAR4) activation by n-3 PUFAs attenuates inflammation, but its impact on atherosclerosis is unknown. We determined whether in vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by n-3 versus n-6 PUFAs is atheroprotective. Leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 WT or KO mice in the LDL receptor KO background were generated by bone marrow transplantation. Mice were fed one of the four atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% calories as palm oil (PO) + 10% calories as: 1) PO, 2) fish oil (FO; 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 enriched), 3) echium oil (EO; 18:4 n-3 enriched), or 4) borage oil (BO; 18:3 n-6 enriched) for 16 weeks. Compared with PO, mice fed BO, EO, and FO had significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, TG, VLDL cholesterol, hepatic neutral lipid, and atherosclerosis that were equivalent for WT and KO mice. In BO-, EO-, and FO-fed mice, but not PO-fed mice, lack of leukocyte GPR120/ FFAR4 resulted in neutrophilia, pro-inflammatory Ly6C hi monocytosis, increased aortic root monocyte recruitment, and increased hepatic inflammatory gene expression. In conclusion, leukocyte GPR120 expression has minimal effects on dietary PUFA-induced plasma lipid/lipoprotein reduction and atheroprotection, and there is no distinction between n-3 versus n-6 PUFAs in activating anti-inflammatory effects of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 in vivo.

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“…Some mechanisms of nutraceutical action are reported as immune modulatory, induced apoptosis, removal of free radicals, inhibited cell proliferation, inhibited necrosis. New ayurved (Indian traditional medicine) concepts are also emerging as powerful nutraceuticals in cardiovascular disease prevention [38]. The growing literature on mechanism of nutraceutical action in the cardiovascular disease is supporting the extended benefits of nutraceuticals but it further needs more investigations as described in following separate section of new literature evidences [39][40][41].…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Foods and Nutraceutical Supplementation Criteria in Cardiovascular Protection

Sharma¹,

Singh²

2010

TONUTRAJ

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Nutraceuticals are natural and commonly found in bioactive foods or whole plants to keep energy balance in the body and promise substantial therapeutic value in cardioprotection. Major cardioprotective bioactive foods and nutraceuticals are now part of nutrition supplements at nonprescription counters and their self-prescription is increased at large scale. The literature suggests the growing use of new bioactive foods and nutraceuticals in cardioprotection and management. The biochemical mechanisms of nutraceutical action in cardioprotection are poorly reported. The literature indicates the success of fish oils, nutaceuticals in vegetable fat-free diets and restricted life style to enhance cardioprotection. The present paper highlights the need and benefits of newly introduced bioactive foods and revisits the cardioprotective mechanisms of bioactive foods and nutraceuticals. Broadly cardioprotective nutraceuticals are polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. Most of the nutraceuticals act as biochemical metabolites by direct intervention in intermediary lipid metabolism or regulating proteins of vascular system responsible of 'cardiovascular incapability'.

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Contrasting effect of fish oil supplementation on the development of atherosclerosis in murine models

Cited by 65 publications

References 36 publications

Dietary herring improves plasma lipid profiles and reduces atherosclerosis in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice

Dietary herring improves plasma lipid profiles and reduces atherosclerosis in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice

In vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by PUFAs has minimal impact on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice

Bioactive Foods and Nutraceutical Supplementation Criteria in Cardiovascular Protection

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