“…This can also be expected for non-migratory Barnacle Geese since the absence or decrease of migratory efforts, and associated high energy costs, can result in higher reproductive output as well as in higher adult, juvenile and offspring survival (Bromley & Jarvis 1993, van der Jeugd et al 2009. This is due to the fact that Arctic-nesting geese are generally classified as capital breeders, relying on stored energy levels and thus independent of nutritional intake during the pre-laying period (Ryder 1970, MacInnes & Dunn 1988, Bromley & Jarvis 1993, Layton-Matthews et al 2019). Therefore, reproductive success, reflected in laying date and clutch size, depends mainly on female pre-migration body condition, migratory behaviour and resulting energy reserves on arrival in the breeding area (Ankney & MacInnes 1978, Cooper 1978, Prop et al 1984, Lessels 1986, Alisauskas & Ankney 1990, Kostin & Mooij 1995, Prop & Black 1998, Bêty et al 2003, Prop et al 2003, Hübner 2006.…”