The current study investigated the influence of sexual orientation on mate retention behavior while controlling for the potentially confounding effects of gender identity. Heterosexual (n ϭ 70), bisexual (n ϭ 55), and homosexual (n ϭ 73) women (aged 18 -53, M ϭ 21.75, SD ϭ 5.44) completed the Mate Retention Inventory and Masculine Gender Identity Scale for females. When controlling for gender identity, women of heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual orientation differed in their use of four mate retention acts (resource display, verbal possession signals, physical possession signals, and possessive ornamentation). Retention behaviors were most and least frequently used by homosexual and heterosexual women, respectively. The results suggest that gender identity does not explain the sexual orientation differences in female mate retention.