Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) as a diagnostic tool in evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux

Our Experience with Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography

“…It is recommended to exclude VUR in high-risk patients, i.e. those with hydronephrosis, kidney scarring, atypical UTI, in children with complex conditions (urogenital anomalies, neurogenic bladder, or bowel dysfunction), and those with a positive family history of VUR ( 3 , 4 ).…”

“…Diagnosis of VUR is based on 3 methods, i.e. voiding cystourethrography (VCU), radionuclide cystography, and contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) ( 1 , 3 , 11 ).…”

“…There are certain limitations of the procedure as well, such as possible artifacts due to ultrasound contrast, limited possibility in the examination of fistulas in children with anorectal anomalies or anatomic details of the bladder neck, poor cooperation of the child, or inability to clearly show the kidney due to severe scoliosis. Furthermore, this diagnostic procedure should Pathologic urinary ultrasound findings normal urinary ultrasound findings not be performed during acute infection but after the infection has been treated 1,3,11 .…”