Contrast‐enhanced Ultrasonography for Characterization of Canine Focal Liver Lesions

Nakamura, Kensuke; Takagi, Satoshi; Sasaki, Noboru; Kumara, Wickramasekara Rajapakshage Bandula; Murakami, Masahiro; Ohta, Hiroshi; Yamasaki, Masahiro; Takiguchi, Mitsuyoshi

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01627.x

Cited by 55 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Sonazoid ® , a second-generation contrast agent, is suitable for parenchymal imaging, because it is phagocytized by Kupffer cells [20,21,22]. Because of this characteristic, Sonazoid ® is used to differentiate canine hepatic malignant tumors and benign nodules [9, 14]. However, the assessment of canine hepatic perfusion using Sonazoid ® has never been reported in dogs.…”

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein in normal dogs

Morishita

Hiramoto

Osuga

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the hepatic vein can assess intrahepatic hemodynamic changes and has been studied as a noninvasive method to assess the severity of portal hypertension and hepatic fibrosis in humans. However, few reports have described its usefulness in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to characterize CEUS findings of the hepatic vein in normal dogs and assess the repeatability of this method both in a conscious group (n=6) and a sedated group (n=6). Sonazoid® (0.01 ml/kg) was used as a contrast agent, and scanning of the hepatic vein was performed for 2 min. Time-intensity curves were generated from regions of interest in the hepatic vein. Four perfusion parameters were measured for quantitative analysis: hepatic vein arrival time (HVAT), time to peak (TTP), time to peak phase (TTPP) and wash-out ratio (WR). CEUS examinations were performed three times in each dog. The median (range) values of HVAT, TTP, TTPP and WR in the conscious group were 13.5 sec (9–22 sec), 12.5 sec (6–24 sec), 8 sec (6–13 sec) and 78.0% (60.7–91.7%), respectively. Median (range) values of HVAT, TTP, TTPP and WR in the sedated group were 12 sec (8–17 sec), 12.5 sec (9–17 sec), 9 sec (7–13 sec) and 84.1% (63.0–94.4%), respectively. The coefficients of variation of these parameters in the conscious and sedated groups were 7.6–29.7% and 11.8–14.8%, respectively.

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confidence: 99%

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the hepatic vein in normal dogs

Morishita

Hiramoto

Osuga

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In veterinary medicine, CEUS is used mainly for the liver [12, 16, 20, 30], spleen [9, 19, 21] and kidney [8, 26]. Other studies exist for the canine pancreas, duodenum, jejunum and adrenal glands [10, 11, 23].…”

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Qualitative and Quantitative Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Pancreas Using Bolus Injection and Continuous Infusion Methods in Normal Dogs

Lim

Nakamura

Morishita

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Quantitative contrast enhanced ultrasound is a major breakthrough for ultrasound imaging in recent years. However, contrast enhancement of the pancreas is brief with bolus injection. To assess if continuous infusion of Sonazoid® can prolong the duration of pancreatic enhancement over bolus injections, eight adult dogs received bolus injection and continuous infusion of Sonazoid® on separate days. Contrast enhanced ultrasound of the pancreatic parenchyma and proximal descending duodenum was performed, and time intensity curves reflecting tissue perfusions were generated. Perfusion parameters- time to initial upslope, peak time, time to wash-out and peak intensity were calculated and evaluated. Fast wash-in to intense peak, followed by rapid wash-out was observed for time intensity curves of bolus injection. With continuous infusion, contrast wash-in to peak intensity was gradual, followed by long plateau and slow wash-out. Median contrast enhancement durations of the pancreas and duodenum were significantly prolonged by continuous infusion from 11 sec (range, 10 to 23 sec) and 16 sec (range, 3 to 43 sec) at bolus injection to 205 sec (range, 170 to 264 sec, P<0.01) and 193 sec (range, 169 to 216 sec, P<0.05), respectively. Median peak intensity of the pancreas was 100.9 MPV (range, 80.2 to 124.3 MPV) at bolus injection and 77.6 MPV (range, 58.2 to 99.5 MPV, P<0.05) at continuous infusion. Prolonged continuous imaging is afforded by continuous infusion of contrast agent. Peak intensity of the pancreas was slightly diminished in continuous infusion, but offered adequate imaging subjectively.

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“…The relationship between intensity of OV infection and hepatobiliary disease detected by ultrasonography has previously been demonstrated (Mairiang et al, 1992). For the diagnosis of liver tumors in animals, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with sonazoid has been applied for characterization of canine focal liver lesions (Nakamura et al, 2010). Although the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography is low, it is very useful to rule out gall stone obstruction and preoperative of hilar CCA (Nesbit, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%