Contrast-enhanced MR perfusion imaging and MR angiography: utility for management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations for embolotherapy

Dynamic perfusion MRI: Capability for evaluation of disease severity and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with connective tissue disease

“…On the other hand, in each subject with body weight equal to or more than 70 kg, 5 mL of the same contrast media with 0.5 mmol/mL was administered via a cubital vein by means of the same automatic infusion system at a rate of 5 mL/sec, followed by 20 mL of saline solution at the same rate. The basic theory and application of contrast-enhanced dynamic perfusion MRI has been documented in previous reports (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). After careful instruction, patients practiced the breath-holding technique to reproduce a consistent degree of inspiration for each scan series before the MR studies.…”

“…Recently, a 3D dynamic contrast-enhanced MR perfusion imaging (3D dynamic perfusion MRI) method can qualitatively evaluate regional perfusion differences in the entire lung with high temporal and spatial resolutions (12)(13)(14). Moreover, when combined with the indicator dilution theory and fuzzy cluster analysis, this method can be used for quantitative assessment of regional pulmonary perfusion abnormalities in lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, and PAH patients, prediction of postoperative lung function in lung cancer patients (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and evaluation of disease severity in primary PAH patients (17,18).…”

Contrast‐enhanced multidetector‐row computed tomography vs. Time‐resolved magnetic resonance angiography vs. contrast‐enhanced perfusion MRI: Assessment of treatment response by patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

“…Subjects with a body weight !70 kg received 5 mL of the same contrast medium at a dose of 0.5 mmol/mL in the same manner and at the same rate, also followed by 20 mL of saline solution. The basic theory and application of dynamic CE-perfusion MRI has been documented in previous reports (13,(19)(20)(21)29). For each scan, 20 images were obtained at end-inspiration of a single breath-hold.…”

“…Moreover, during the last several years dynamic CEperfusion MRI and 4D or time-resolved CE-magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) have been put forward as new techniques for quantitative and qualitative assessment of pulmonary vascular diseases (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). With these techniques pulmonary circulation can be assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively, and they have shown moderate to good correlation with quantitative pulmonary circulation parameters assessed with cardiac US and/or right heart catheterization (4)(5)(6)(7)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Pulmonary arterial hypertension: an imaging review comparing MR pulmonary angiography and perfusion with multidetector CT angiography

“…Advances in gradient systems and improved MR sequences have allowed the development of a 3D gradient-recalled echo sequence with an ultrashort TR/TE of ,3.0/1.0 ms. With this sequence, qualitative regional perfusion differences in the entire lung can be evaluated with high temporal resolution [59,60]. Diagnostic criteria for perfusion imaging in the differential diagnosis of IPAH and CTEPH have been modified from earlier perfusion scintigraphy reports [61].…”