Contrast agents in diagnostic imaging: Present and future

The use of contrast media in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing in horses. These contrast-enhanced imaging techniques provide improved tissue delineation and evaluation, thereby expanding diagnostic capabilities. While generally considered safe, not all contrast media exhibit the same safety profiles. The safety of contrast media use and descriptions of adverse events occurring in horses are sparsely reported. This review summarises the reported evidence of contrast media use and adverse events that occur in horses, with added contribution from other veterinary species and studies in man for comparison. This comprehensive data set empowers equine clinicians to develop use and monitoring strategies when working with contrast media. Finally, it summarises the current state-of-the-art and highlights the potential applications of contrast-enhanced CT and MRI for assessment of diseased or injured equine tissues, as well as (patho)physiological processes.

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“…image quality) than injection rate [35][36][37]. is typically more important for venous and parenchymal enhancement (i.e.…”

Section: Techniques/usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

Nelson

Goodrich

Barrett

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Therefore, the surface of SIONPs has been modified with hydrophilic polymers to prevent absorption of the circulating plasma proteins. The use of contrast agents and tracers in medical imaging has a long history [81][82][83]. One of the most important challenges about cancer treatment is sustained drug release which has already remained this issue in the world.…”

Section: Biomedical Applications Of Fe 3 O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Oxide Biomagnetic Nanoparticles (IO-BMNPs); Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Application–A Review

Nochehdehi¹,

Thomas²,

Sadri³

et al. 2017

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

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Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary branch of science which encompasses numerous diverse fields of science and technology, ranging from biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, advanced materials, chemical science, physics, electronics, information technology, and so on. Physical and Chemical properties as a major advantages of Nanoparticles can be used in various applications from Industries to medicine. Besides, Magnetic nanoparticles for medical applications have been developed by many researchers. In recent decades, it has received attention by virtue of their potential for applications in different fields. Due to several advantages and widespread applications of magnetic Nanoparticles in biotechnology, medical, material science, engineering, and environmental areas, much attention has been paid to the synthesis of different kinds of Biomagnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs). Core-shell nanoparticles include of coated various materials like: biopolymers (Chitosan, PAA) and bioceramics (Hydroxyapatite) as a shell on top of them and different hard and soft materials like metal oxide (Iron oxide and Cob alt composite) as a core. Improved properties of core-shell nanoparticles like less cytotoxicity, increase biocompatibility, decrease in an interactions with biomolecules, increase physicochemical stability and sort of that, can be due to their use in biological applications. After reviewing several research and review articles and synthesis procedure of Iron based Bio-magnetic Nanoparticles (BMNPs), we should emphasize that, It can be used in different applications like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery systems (DDS), immunoassay, also specially in diagnosis and treatment of cancer via hyperthermia (heat therapy) method.

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“…The magnetic moment of the paramagnetic atom interacts with the much smaller magnetic moment of the protons in adjacent water molecules, reducing their longitudinal and transverse relaxation time, resulting in a positive contrast. 41 The effect on T1 relaxation time is evident at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations the effect on T2 relaxation time becomes significant, and the signal intensity in T2 weighted acquisitions decreases. 42 Paramagnetic metal in their ionic form are cytotoxic, so they must be complexed with chelating compounds, influencing the chemistry of the ions by reducing in vivo toxicity, altering the bio-distribution and affecting the efficiency in shortening T1 and T2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In some cases, there is not enough endogenous contrast to characterize tissues or detect blood flow; on these occasions, the imaging capability can be enhanced by the use of contrast agents (CA). 41 CA alter the image contrast following intravenous injection. The degree and location of the contrast changes provide substantial diagnostic information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo imaging techniques: a new era for histochemical analysis

et al. 2016

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In vivo imaging techniques can be integrated with classical histochemistry to create an actual histochemistry of water. In particular, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), an imaging technique primarily used as diagnostic tool in clinical/preclinical research, has excellent anatomical resolution, unlimited penetration depth and intrinsic soft tissue contrast. Thanks to the technological development, MRI is not only capable to provide morphological information but also and more interestingly functional, biophysical and molecular. In this paper we describe the main features of several advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging and MRI with contrast agent as a useful support to classical histochemistry.

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Contrast agents in diagnostic imaging: Present and future

Cited by 90 publications

References 112 publications

Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

Iron Oxide Biomagnetic Nanoparticles (IO-BMNPs); Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Application–A Review

In vivo imaging techniques: a new era for histochemical analysis

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