Contracture of the chondroepitrochlearis and the axillary arch muscles. A case report.

Lin, Chi-Kung

doi:10.2106/00004623-198870090-00022

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Once the atypical pectoralis quartus is present, we believe that it should be divided, because it has similar appearance as the chondoepitroclearis muscle. Division of these muscles can be performed without any functional deficit for the patient since they are not only insignificant functionally, but also contracture of the axillary arch and chondroepitrochlearis, which resulted in limitation of shoulder abduction, has been reported [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal muscles that may affect axillary lymphadenectomy: surgical anatomy

Natsis

Vlasis

Totlis

et al. 2009

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Purpose The present study aimed at summarizing and presenting the anomalous muscles that a surgeon might encounter during axillary lymphadenectomy (AL). Methods For this purpose, both the anatomical and surgical literature was reviewed and an anatomical study on 107 cadavers was carried out. Furthermore, based on the anatomical features of the anomalous muscles that came up during our study and taking into consideration the landmarks of the AL, we further analyzed the complications that may arise from each of these muscles, along with their preoperative and intraoperative recognition and management. Results The literature review revealed that there are three supernumerary muscles that may affect the AL, namely the Langer's axillary arch, the pectoralis quartus and the chondroepitrochlearis muscles, as well as the aplasia of the lower part of the pectoralis major muscle. Eight out of the 107 (7.48%) cadavers that we dissected had such an abnormal muscle in the axilla. Specifically, the axillary arch was found unilaterally in five cadavers (4.67%) and the pectoralis quartus muscle was present unilaterally in three cadavers (2.8%). One cadaver had both an axillary arch and a pectoralis quartus muscle in the right side. The abdominal and almost the whole sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major as well the pectoralis minor muscle were absent in one cadaver (0.93%). The chondroepitrochlearis muscle was not found in any of the cadavers that we dissected. Conclusions The present study offers the necessary preoperative knowledge for recognizing these muscles during AL, avoiding thus the complications that may arise from them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal muscles that may affect axillary lymphadenectomy: surgical anatomy

Natsis

Vlasis

Totlis

et al. 2009

Breast Cancer Res Treat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The axillary arch has been studied in dissected human cadavers (Böse, 1904;Bluntschli, 1910;Wagenseil, 1927;Dbalý, 1975;Kasai and Chiba, 1977;Takafuji et al, 1991;Dharap, 1994;Miguel et al, 2001;Bonastre et al, 2002;Mérida-Velasco et al, 2003) and also in living individuals (Pichler, 1916;Lin, 1988). A common frequency of 7-8% of such muscular abnormality is pointed in many anatomical texts (Eisler, 1912;Haagensen, 1956;Clemente, 1985;Rauber and Kopsch, 1987;Tountas and Bergman, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axillary arch in Bulgarian population: Clinical significance of the arches

2006

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In order to study the incidence of the axillary arch in the Bulgarian population, we examined the axillary regions of 56 formol-carbol fixed human cadavers and observed two cases with a unilateral axillary arch. In the first case, the variant structure was situated on the right side of a 58-year-old female cadaver. The axillary arch extended from the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi to the posterior layer of the pectoralis major tendon. In the second case, the axillary arch was found on the left side of a 63-year-old male cadaver and had the same attachment points as in the first case. The innervation and blood supply of the arches are discussed. We have also reviewed extensive information concerning the clinical importance of the axillary arch, and for the first time, it was summarized clearly for clinicians. The summary consists of three parts: "diagnosis" of the axillary arch by physical investigation or imaging techniques; the axillary arch and surgical interventions in the region of the axilla; the axillary arch as an entrapment site for the axillary vessels and nerves.

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“…In patients in whom the axillary artery is ligated, the arch may distort anatomy and perhaps confuse the surgeon (Calori, 1866;Testut, 1884). Contracture of the axillary arch has been reported (Lin, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of a pectoralis quartus muscle and an unusual axillary arch: Case report and review

et al. 2002

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A pectoralis quartus muscle and an unusual axillary arch were found on the left side of a female cadaver. The axillary arch was a musculoaponeurotic complex continuous with the iliacal fibers of the latissimus dorsi. The muscular part, together with the tendon of pectoralis major, inserted into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus, whereas the aponeurotic part was formed by a fibrous band that extended deep to the pectoralis major to insert into the coracoid process between the attachments of the coracobrachialis and pectoralis minor. The pectoralis quartus originated from the rectus sheath, and joined the inferior medial border of the fibrous band of the axillary arch, at the lateral edge of the pectoralis major. The axillary arch muscle crossed anteriorly the axillary vessels and the brachial plexus. The clinical importance of these muscles is reviewed.

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Contracture of the chondroepitrochlearis and the axillary arch muscles. A case report.

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Abnormal muscles that may affect axillary lymphadenectomy: surgical anatomy

Abnormal muscles that may affect axillary lymphadenectomy: surgical anatomy

Axillary arch in Bulgarian population: Clinical significance of the arches

Coexistence of a pectoralis quartus muscle and an unusual axillary arch: Case report and review

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