Contraction waves in self-oscillating polymer gels

Mao, Zebing; Kuroki, Masaya; Otsuka, Yuji; Maeda, Shingo

doi:10.1016/j.eml.2020.100830

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The aryl ether moiety is a thermally unstable group, which is prone to thermal degradation at high temperatures. 34,35 In the same way, the addition of t-BF-sa-dca monomer can slightly improve the thermal stabilities of poly(OPD/t-BF-sa-dca), which is because the aliphatic hydroxyl groups in t-BF-sa-dca monomer can further catalyze the cyano polymerization of OPD monomer and increase the degree of curing cross-linking of poly(OPD/t-BF-sa-dca). ) was recorded, moreover, the elongation also increased significantly.…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Poly(opd/ Mffb) Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[30][31][32][33] Moreover, PN monomers contain arylether moiety and secondary amino groups are reported. 34,35 However, the thermal properties of the arylether moiety and secondary amino groups containing PN thermosets were far lower than the traditional PN thermosets. Based on this, a novel autocatalytic PN monomer was designed, synthesized, and characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and properties of a novel autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomer and its copolymerization with multi‐functional fluorene‐based benzoxazine monomers

Wang

Dayo

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomer [4,4 0 -(((((oxy-bis [4,1-phenylene]) bis (azanediyl)) bis (methylene)) bis (2-methoxy-4,1-phenylene)) bis (oxy)) diphthalonitrile, OPD] is obtained by nucleophilic substitution of 4-nitrophthalonitrile and bisphenol compound [4,4 0 -(((oxy bis [4,1-phenylene]) bis (azanylylidene)) bis (methanylylidene)) bis (2-methoxyphenol)]. Bisphenol compound is a reductant with secondary amine groups of Schiff base derived from the reaction of vanillin and 4,4 0 -diaminodiphenylether. The OPD monomer has a self-catalytic polymerizing reaction. OPD monomer has good processability, and the processing window was 130 C. Moreover, OPD polymer [poly(OPD)] shows higher glass-transition temperature (345 C). The 5% and 10% thermal decomposition temperatures of poly(OPD) and char yield at 800 C are 407, 451 C, and 69%, respectively. To further improve the properties of poly(OPD), the OPD monomer was modified by multi-functional fluorene-based benzoxazine monomers (MFFB) due to their excellent reaction activities. The results showed that OPD/MFFB systems had high reaction activities. The similar thermal stabilities between OPD and MFFB can give stable and excellent thermal stability to the poly(OPD/MFFB). Compared with poly(OPD), the T g values of poly(OPD/MFFB) were significantly increased, and their stiffness values were reduced. The tensile, flexural, and impact properties for poly(OPD/MFFB) were improved significantly.

show abstract

Section: Thermal Properties Of Poly(opd/ Mffb) Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of a novel autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomer and its copolymerization with multi‐functional fluorene‐based benzoxazine monomers

Wang

Dayo

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many soft actuator devices have already been developed. Examples of soft actuators include soft pneumatic actuators ( Faudzi et al, 2018 ; Mohamed et al, 2020 ; Tschiersky et al, 2020 ; Ying et al, 2020 ; Luo et al, 2021 ), soft electroadhesion ( Shintake et al, 2016 ; Guo et al, 2018 ; Okuno et al, 2019 ; Persson and Guo, 2019 ), stretchable pumps ( Cacucciolo et al, 2019 ; Seki et al, 2020 ; Shigemune et al, 2021 ), dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) ( Ji et al, 2019 ; Kajiwara et al, 2019 ; Minaminosono et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Hiruta et al, 2021 ; Takagi et al, 2021 ; Wiranata et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2021 ) a shape memory polymer ( Besse et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Miao et al, 2020 ; Scalet, 2020 ; Zeng et al, 2020 ), and gel actuators ( Maeda et al, 2007 , 2010 ; Hwang et al, 2019 ; Mao et al, 2020a , 2020b ; Zhang et al, 2020 ). To create an interface between soft actuators and human activity, the actuator must be equipped with an appropriate sensing method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A DIY Fabrication Approach of Stretchable Sensors Using Carbon Nano Tube Powder for Wearable Device

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soft robotics and wearable devices are promising technologies due to their flexibility. As human-soft robot interaction technologies advance, the interest in stretchable sensor devices has increased. Currently, the main challenge in developing stretchable sensors is preparing high-quality sensors via a simple and cost-effective method. This study introduces the do-it-yourself (DIY)-approach to fabricate a carbon nanotube (CNT) powder-based stretchable sensor. The fabrication strategy utilizes an automatic brushing machine to pattern CNT powder on the elastomer. The elastomer ingredients are optimized to increase the elastomer compatibility with the brushing method. We found that polydimethylsiloxane-polyethyleneimine (PDMS-PEIE) is 50% more stretchable and 63% stickier than previously reported PDMS 30-1. With these improved elastomer characteristics, PDMS-PEIE/multiwalled CNT (PDMS-PEIE/MWCNT-1) strain sensor can realize a gauge factor of 6.2–8.2 and a responsivity up to 25 ms. To enhance the compatibility of the powder-based stretchable sensor for a wearable device, the sensor is laminated using a thin Ecoflex membrane. Additionally, system integration of the stretchable sensors are demonstrated by embedding it into a cotton-glove and a microcontroller to control a virtual hand. This cost-effective DIY-approach are expected to greatly contribute to the development of wearable devices since the technology is simple, economical, and reliable.

show abstract

“…Most of the conventional chemical reactions proceed monotonically, with a reactant producing a product at a constant rate until the system finally reaches thermodynamic equilibrium. Differently, oscillating reactions, such as the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction 9 , are non-monotonic. Such systems demonstrate oscillations and spatiotemporal variations in their reactant concentration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous oil flow generated by self-oscillating polymer gels

Yoshimura

Otsuka

Mao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The previously reported gel and polymer actuators require external inputs, such as batteries, circuits, electronic circuits, etc., compared with autonomous motions produced by the living organisms. To realize the spontaneous motions, here, we propose to integrate a power supply, actuators, and control into a single-component self-oscillating hydrogel. We demonstrate self-actuating gel pumps driven by the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction without electronic components. We have developed the volume oscillation of gels synchronized with the BZ reaction (BZ gel). Since the self-actuating gel pumps are driven by chemo-mechanical energy from BZ gels, the self-actuating gel pumps don't require complex wiring designs, energy supply, and assembling. The mechanical work generated by BZ gels is extremely small. We formulated the thermodynamic cycle of BZ gels and maximized mechanical work. We found that pre-stretched BZ gel shows larger mechanical works. We physically separated the BZ gels and working fluid to create practical pumps. By using optimizing mechanical generated by BZ gels, we demonstrated the self-actuating gel pumps that transfer mechanical work through a stretchable elastomer membrane. Machines and robots are essential to guarantee high production rates in industrial supply chains, while consumable electronics became ubiquitous in our daily lives. All these devices belong to the wide field of mechatronics, which encompasses different engineering technologies, such as mechanical, control, electronic, and information engineering. Advances in mechatronics in the last decades led to increasingly smaller and advanced robots and machines. However, such advancement came at the cost of a significant increase in the complexity and intricacy of these systems. It follows that engineers in industries can no longer develop and inspect machines without aids from a computer and other advanced diagnostic tools. Researchers and engineers developing robots and machines face increasing challenges in the design of systems composed by a large number of components, such as complex wiring designs, energy supply, and assembling. Aiming to overcome the complexity, we propose to use active and smart compliant materials that can solve complex tasks using few components and little computation 1,2. Examples include self-stabilizing walkers that use the passive dynamics of their legs and soft grippers that adapt to the shape and stiffness of the grasped object. Herein we propose to move a step forward and blend the power supply, the actuators, and the control into a single-component self-oscillating hydrogel. Driven by chains of chemical reactions, these hydrogels oscillate by direct conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy, alike self-motion in biological systems 3. Hydrogels capable of self-motion have been presented in the previous work 4-8. However, these oscillating hydrogels require being submerged in a strongly acidic chemical bath, which limits their practical applicability in mobile and wearable robotics....

show abstract

Contraction waves in self-oscillating polymer gels

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Synthesis and properties of a novel autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomer and its copolymerization with multi‐functional fluorene‐based benzoxazine monomers

Synthesis and properties of a novel autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomer and its copolymerization with multi‐functional fluorene‐based benzoxazine monomers

A DIY Fabrication Approach of Stretchable Sensors Using Carbon Nano Tube Powder for Wearable Device

Autonomous oil flow generated by self-oscillating polymer gels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About